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1

The operation of bioyechnological reactor in the case of toxic influents - computer analysis

100%
Grabowski J., Latosinska M., Scully P. P.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 1
11-24
EN
It is concluded that it is necessary to monitor the influent toxicity on-line in order to optimise and control such processes. A cheap and rugged on-line toxicity monitor can be realised in the form of an fiber optoc toxicity sensor based on fluorogenic compounds.
2

Trangenic technology as it applies to animal agriculture

80%
Kopchick J., Jura J., Mukerji P., Kelder B.
Biotechnologia
|
1996
|
issue 2
31-51
EN
A variety of recombinant DNA molecules have been introduced into the germ line of animals.The results transgenic animals have a diverse range of phenotypes, some of which were expected and some not anticipated.To data, the majority of transgenic animals are mice.However recombinant DNA has been introduced into agriculturally important animals such a sheep, rabbits, pigs, chickens, cattle and fish.In this report, we will survey the consequences of transgene expression in agriculturally important mammals in terms of their effects on growth.Also, we will review the data concerning the use of transgenic mammals as "bioreactors" for the production of recombinant proteins.
3

Advances in regeneration and micropropagation

80%
Bach A.
Biotechnologia
|
1996
|
issue 1
83-93
EN
The review discusses the recent advances in regeneration and micropropagation.The example include:1.new methods for enhancement of regeneration (etiolation of shoots, forced flushing, laser cutting of tissues, squashing and homogenization), 2.progress in preparing of media, 3.effect of electrostimulation or mycorrhizal fungi on plant micropropagation, 4.new system of mass propagation (advances in synthetic seed technology, micropropagation via SIT temporary immersion system), 5.novel application of plant tissue culture.
4

Biotransformation by plant cell cultures. Part II. Process conditions

80%
Chmiel A., Wysokinska H.
Biotechnologia
|
1995
|
issue 1
131-147
EN
Biological and biochemical conditions of biotransformation processes ,applications of cell suspension, immobilised cells and enzyme preparations are discussed.The nature and form of biocatalysts determine the technical parameters of the process.Bioreactor systems for plant cell biotechnology are presented.
5

Growth kinetics of embriogenic and nonembriogenic suspension cultures of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in stirred bioreactor

80%
Kroliczak P., Grajek W., Tomkowiak M.
Biotechnologia
|
1995
|
issue 3
152-166
EN
Embryogenic and nonembriogenic suspension cultures of cucumber were cultivated in a 5-L stirred bioreactor.Significant differences between kinetic characteristics of these cell lines (growth rate, tissue morphology, sugar and nitrogen metbolism) are presented. Nonembryogenic culture demonstrated faster growth rate anr greater nutrient uptake.Mechanical sterss in stirred bioreactor under experimental conditions was negligible.
6

Mechanical damage of animal cells in bioreactors

80%
Jankowski T., Grajek W.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 3
166-183
EN
of animal cells due to forces generated by media agitation and aeration are reviewed. In anchorage-dependent cultures grown in a stirred bioreactor the cell damage is caused by small turbulent eddies of size of the microcarrier beads and by collision between and against the impeller and the stationary parts of bioreactor. In the freely suspended cells grown in stirred or s the cell damage is due mainly to air bibble breakup. The mechanical damages can be limited by an increase of kinematic viscosity of fluid and reduction to the local energy dissipation rate. Biological aspects of shear stress are also discussed.
7

Micropropagation of Leucojum aestivum L. in bioraector RITA?

80%
Ptak A., Gadek J.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 2
165-171
EN
Embryogenic callus of Leucojum aestivum was transferred to solid and liquid media in bioreactor RITA? vessels. Callus growth on the liquid medium enriched with 2 and 5 M Picloram and 0.5 M BA was characterized by a higher multiplication index. The greatest number of somatic embryos was observed on the callus multiplied in bioreactor using 5-minute flushing with the medium. Globular embryos developed into torpedo-stage embryos and plantlets under the influence of NAA (0.5 M) and zeatin (5 M). Liquid medium promoted the development of L. aestivum somatic embryos and plantlets.
8

Pilot plant and industrial systems for animal cell cultivation.I.Anchorage-dependent cell cultures

80%
Grajek W., Lukaszynski D.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 2
8-21
EN
Several methods used to cultivate anchorage-dependent animal cells on a large scale are presented. These methods include the cultures on microcarriers in stirred and air-lift bioreactors, the cultures in hollow-fiber and flat-plate membrane bioreactors as well as the cultures attached to porous or fiber solid supports. The critical parameter in anchorage-dependent cultures is the adhesiveness of the cells to the carrier materials and the surface proliferation rate.
9
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Embryonic-like stem cells from umbilical cord blood and potential for neural modeling

80%
McGuckin C., Forraz N., Baradez M.-O., Basford C., Dickinson A. M., Navran S., Hartgerink J. D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2006
|
vol. 66
|
issue 4
321-329
EN
Stem cells offer the distinct prospect of changing the face of human medicine. However, although they have potential to form different tissues, are still in the early stages of development as therapeutic interventions. The three most used stem cell sources are umbilical cord blood, bone marrow and human embryos. Whilst, cord blood is now used to treat over 70 disorders, at the time of writing this manuscript, not a single disease has been overcome or ameliorated using human embryonic stem cells. Advancing stem cell medicine requires ethically sound and scientifically robust models to develop tomorrow's medicines. Media attention, however, distracts from this reality; it is important to remember that stem cells are a new visitor to the medical world and require more research. Here we describe the utility of human cord blood to develop neural models that are necessary to take stem cells to the next level ? into human therapies.
10

The oviduct of transgenic birds ? a source of therapeutic proteins?

80%
Bednarczyk M., Lakota P., Wawrzynska M.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 3
134-144
EN
The use of transgenic mammals for the production of therapeutic proteins was developed over two decades ago, and a number of proteins have been produced in the milk of animals. Therapeutic proteins produced in eggs of transgenic hens have significant advantages over transgenic mammalian systems, including: regular high eggs production, large number of progeny, short generation times, sterile contents of the eggs produced by specific pathogen free chickens and, well characterization of the regulatory sequences of white protein genes similar to human glycosylation of chicken IgGs, etc. In this overview, recent progress in the development of chicken bioreaktors was presented.
11

Animals as bioreactors ? the future of pharmaceutical industry?

80%
Tyczewska A., Bakowska-Zywicka K.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 3
64-70
EN
Biotechnology products and its application raise many controversies. Discussions are carried out where the supporters of GMO are underlining the qualities of genetically modified organisms, and sceptics are pointing the dangers that, in their perspective, are exceeding the benefits. In this article, we intend to show the qualities resulting from the use of transgenic animals to produce cheaper drugs, as biotechnology and genetic engineering methods gave the possibility to use animals as bioreactors.
12

Pilot plant and industrial systems for animal cell cultivation. II. Anchorage independent cell cultures

80%
Grajek W.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 2
22-34
EN
In the last decade fast development of modern cell culture techniques is observed. Some new high performance cell culture bioreactors are being designed and tested. These reactors are usually configurated with cell separators to cell recycling. As separators, microfilters, ultrafilters, continuous flow centrifuges and settlers are proposed. The main systems allowing to carry out the high cell density cultures and numerous technological applications of these systems are presented in this review.
13

Bioprocess engineering

80%
Szewczyk K. W.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 4
9-22
EN
The role, basic concepts and development of bioprocess engineering have been presented. Biochemical engineers have always served as a bridge between discoveries involving enzymes, cells and biomass at the lab scale to implementation of valuable bioproducts on the commercial scale. Biochemical engineering discipline was initiated focusing on problems concerning bioreactor design and the optimisation and the purification of natural products. Nowadays, this discipline is a field undergoing a rapid change and diversification. Key concepts in transport phenomena, kinetics and thermodynamics, as well as proficiency in the application of mathematical tools in process modelling are used to bridge the gap between the intellectual potential of the gene to the manufacturing of industrial products.
14

Scaling up the Paulownia tomentosa hairy roots? culture

80%
Pawlowska B., Chmiel A.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 4
228-238
EN
Hairy roots, characterized by rapid and stable growth, can be considered as a source of natural plant?s metabolites. The commercial utilization of roots is limited because of the difficulties during the culture in scaling up and designing of bioreactors, which could meet the requirements of optimal conditions of culture. The transformed root cultures of Paulownia tomentosa were conducted in shaking flasks of 300 cm3 containing 80 cm3 hormone-free WP medium, with 3% of sucrose. A mist bioreactor was also designed for transformed roots? cultures. Its glass prototype of 5 dm3 volume was used for optimization of hairy roots of Paulownia tomentosa. In the bioreactor containing 1 dm3 of the medium, after 28 days the dry mass harvest was 10.5-20.5 g depending on culture variants. The total amount of the main metabolite ? verbascoside in these roots was 8601170 mg in one culture (5672 mg/g of dry mass). The research performed on the prototype bioreactor enabled the optimization of its construction. It resulted in a new laboratory bioreactor of 10 dm3 volume made of glass and stainless steel.
15

Kinetics of biological iron oxidation in immobilized packed-bed reactors

80%
Nawrocki J., Wisniewski P., Grajek W., Astrib M.
Biotechnologia
|
1995
|
issue 2
141-152
EN
A packed-bed bioreactors with activated carbon particles as a cerrier for iron-oxidizing bacteria was used for ferrous sulfate oxidation.The bioreactors were operated continuously for about 2 weeks.The experimental variables were: dillution rate, pH, medium composition and Fe(II) ions concentration.It was found that the efficiency of iron oxidation depended on the dilution rate and the medium pH.As dilution rate increased, the oxidation rate was decreased but at the same time reacto productivity was improved.The highest kinetic performance achieved in single stage fermentation related to the Fe(II) oxidation was over 90% when D was below 0.2/h.The pH optimum was 1.3. At higher pH values a ferric iron precipitation was accelerated.It was showed thet replacement of the 8K medium with tap water has not had a negative effect on iron oxidation process.
16

Fluid mechanical problems in biotechnology

80%
Pohorecki R.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 2
60-77
EN
The rapid development of biotechnology we are witnessing nowadays is strongly related to the advances in bioprocess engineering. This field of engineering, including both bioreactor engineering and down-stream processing, is an integration of biological, biochemical and engineering principles, leading to the quantitative description and development of biotechnological processes carried out on an industrial scale. A very important part of bioprocess engineering problems involves the fluid mechanics problems occurring in biotechnological equipment. These are both the problems related to bioreactor design and operation, and to down-stream processing operations, such as micro- and ultrafiltration, centrifugation, precipitation, extraction, sorptions, flocculation, mixing, fluid transportation, etc. This paper is focused mainly on fluid mechanical problems in bioreactor engineering. It begins with a brief reminder of some basic concepts in fluid flow, rheology and turbulence, of relevance to bioreactors. Then the main types of bioreactor design are reviewed, including stirred bioreactors and pneumatically driven bioreactors. The hydrodynamic characteristics of different types of reactors are then outlined, including power consumption, mixing, heat and mass transfer, aeration, and cell demage by hydrodynamic stresses. Finally, some new developments are discussed, including the use of computer fluid dynamics (CFD) to describe hydrodynamics of bioreactors, and the use of the multifractal theory of turbulence to describe some cell damaging effects.
17

Comparative characteristic of bioreactors used for citric acid biosynthesis in industrial scale

80%
Lesniak W., Pietkiewicz J., Podgorski W.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 3
48-55
EN
The mixing and mass transfer have been investigated in industrial bioreactors of capacity 10,30,50 and 150 m cu.meter. used for citric acid fermentation.Hydrodynamic parameters were examined on water using mineral acid as a trace. Volumetric (kLa) was determined by balance method. It was found that the examined have similar lespite their different capacities. The differences were found in maximum values of kLa which coresponded to the citric acid yield and productivity.
18

Propagation of Derzsy disease virus in goose embryo fibroblasts. An application of the Celligen Plus bioreactor

80%
Rzeski W., Paduch R., Kozdrun W., KaczorJ., Czekaj H., Samorek-Salamonowicz E., Kandefer-Szerszen M., Zdzisinska B., Dawidowicz A.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 2
261-267
EN
Derzsy desease is a fatal hepatitis of young geese under the age of 5 weeks. The etiological agent is a goose parvovirus (GPV) which is widespread in all major goose farming countries in Europe and Asia. At present, vaccination is the only method preventing the loss of animals. In vitro GPV replicates only in goose embryo fibroblasts (GEF) and this way the virus is propagated in order to obtain the material for diagnostic tests and vaccine production. In this paper, we report the application of bioreactor Celligen Plus for GEF culture and Derzsy disease virus propagation. The method is based on immobilization and culture of cells on porous glass carriers in bioreactor. Comparing to the traditional cell culture techniques, the described method was over 12-fold more efficient and allowed to obtain good quality virus pool for Derzsy disease vaccine preparation.
19

Production of therapeutic proteins in the semen of transgenic animals

80%
Lipinski D., Juzwa W., Zeyland J., Slomski R.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 1
44-52
EN
The expression of the recombinant proteins by transgenic animals represents an opportunity to achieve cost-effective, large-scale production of a wide variety of therapeutics. Among transgenic animal production systems, the transgenic mammary gland is the most advanced. However, the production of proteins in milk is limited by a relatively long interval from birth to first lactation encountered with domestic livestock, the discontinuous nature of the lactation cycle and the substantial time and material investments required to produce transgenic dairy animals. The semen of transgenic boar represents an alternative platform for the production of therapeutic proteins. The expression of such proteins in the male accessory glands, particularly in the seminal vesicle epithelium can be controlled by gene regulatory sequences specific to these tissues. In this review, we consider the possibility of using such regulatory sequences to drive the production of foreign proteins into the seminal fluids of transgenic animals. Application of this technology to pigs which can be ejaculated 2-3 times per week (200-300 ml per ejaculate), could lead to the annual production of several grams of recombinant protein.
20

Biotechnology of insect cell tissue culture

80%
Olejnik A., Grajek W.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 1
176-192
EN
The commercial exploitation of the baculovirus expression system for heterologous protein or biopesticides production requires an efficient large-scale cultivation method. This review summarized recent developments concerning the scale-up of insect cell culture and baculovirus gene expression. We described novel bioreactor systems (stirred tank bioreactor, bioreactor airlift and cell-lift, membrane bioreactor), culture modes (batch, fed-batch, continuous) and different strategies used for cell cultivation and baculovirus replication.
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