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1

Epithelial cell cultures as a model system to study the transepithelial transport

100%
Grajek W., Olejnik A., Staniaszek K.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 2
148-165
EN
Epithelial cell lines are commonly accepted model system to determine intestinal permeability and transepithelial transport. The application of Caco-2 human epithelial cell culture can be used to study bioavailability of drug and food compounds. This culture grows on porous membranes and forms a monolayer of well differentiated cells joined by intracellular tight junctions. This system provides selective barrier to study passive and active transport of different molecules. The Caco-2 cells posses some enzymes and transport systems similar to intestinal epithelium in vivo, however, these proteins are expressed to a lesser extent compared to normal enterocytes. In this paper, the advantages and limitations of Caco-2 model are discussed.
2

Bioavailability and bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic pollutants. Part II. Sorption of pollutants and factors influencing this process

75%
Oleszczuk P.
|
2007
|
issue 1
26-39
EN
Translocation, leaching, uptake by plants and degradation of hydrophobic organic pollutants are largely determined by the properties of the soil/sediments. The above properties influence those processes which directly or indirectly influence the bioavailability of pollutants. The factor which plays a decisive role in determining bioavailability/bioaccumulation of pollutants is sorption. Where sorption is concerned, such matrix properties as the presence, composition, properties of organic matter, type of clay materials, type and amount of other pollutants, etc. play an important role. The second part of the study is a review of the literature on the influence of hydrophobic organic pollutants with geosorbents acting through sorption. Matrix properties that can significantly influence this process have been described in detail.
3

Bioremedation of soil contamined with petroleum products

75%
Nowak J.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 1
97-108
EN
Bioremediation is a process by which microoorganisms degrade or transform the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms. A wide variety of bacterial and fungal genera are known to be capable of degrading, and in many cases, completely mineralizing chemical substances present in petroleum products at present. Three types of bioremediation are predominant in the industry: natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation. Selecting the most appropriate strategy to treat a specific site can be quided by considering three basic principles: the amenability of the pollutant to biological transformation to less toxic products, the accessibility of contaminant to microorganisms (bioavailabilty) and the opportunity for optimization of biological activity. Microbial activity is affected by a range of environmental factors, including nutrients, moisture content, pH, temperature, and oxygen concentration. Different aspects of bacterial degradation of petroleum contaminants in soil and how to improve the efficiency and reproducibility are discussed in this review.
4

Bioavailability and bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic pollutants. Part I. General remarks

63%
Oleszczuk P.
|
2007
|
issue 1
9-25
EN
Contaminants entering the soil environment as by-products of industrial or technological processes undergo various transformations. Some easily undergo degradation, volatilization or leaching, some are accumulated in the living organisms, while others get strongly bound to soil components through sorption, sequestration or bound-residue formation. In literature, it has been proved that the above mentioned processes considerably limit the bioavailability of contaminants and hence the effectiveness of biodegradation is lowered. The present study is a review of the literature on the issue of bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants for microorganisms and soil invertebrates. The first part presents some definitions of bioavailability and bioaccumulation proposed by various authors. Factors influencing the process of biodegradation have also been described with special attention drawn to their relation to the processes of bioavailability.
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