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1
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Nanosilver against fungi. Silver nanoparticles as an effective biocidal factor

100%
Pulit J., Banach M., Szczygłowska R., Bryk M.
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2013
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vol. 60
|
issue 4
795-798
EN
The work presents a method of obtaining an aqueous raspberry extract as well as its physicochemical and analytical characteristics. The paper also contains a description of the method of preparation of nanosilver suspensions based on this extract. The raspberry extract served as a source of phenolic compounds which acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Suspensions of silver nanoparticles were obtained with the use of chemical reduction method. The silver ions concentration, pH value and temperature of samples incubation were independent variables. The next step of the research was to measure the antifungal activity of the received silver nanoparticles as well as to perform a mycological efficacy resistance analysis of the tested preparations in relation to different concentrations of nanostructured silver. Tests were conducted in compliance with the Eucast guidelines. The results of microbiological study of (the samples') biocidal effect against Cladosporium cladosporoides and Aspergillus niger are described. It was found that using nanosilver suspension at the concentration of 50 ppm inhibited the growth of Cladosporium cladosporoides and Aspergillus niger by 90% and 70%, respectively.
2
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Experimental and modelling studies on antifungal compounds

100%
Doble M., Kumar K.
Open Chemistry
|
2006
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vol. 4
|
issue 3
428-439
EN
Antifungal activity of organic compounds (aromatic, salicylic derivatives, cinnamyl derivatives etc) on Fusarium Rosium (14 compounds) and Aspergillus niger (17 compounds) was studied and QSAR models were developed relating molecular descriptors with the observed activity. Back propagation Neural Network models and single and multiple regression models were tested for predicting the observed activity. The data fit as well as the predictive capability of the neural network models were satisfactory (R2 = 0.84, q2 = 0.73 for Fusarium Rosium and R2 = 0.75, q2 = 0.62 for Aspergillus niger). The descriptors used in the network for the former were X4 (connectivity) and Jhetv (topological); and TIC1 (information) and SPI (topological) for the latter fungus. Antifungal activities of these organic compounds were generally lower against the latter than with the former fungus.
3
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Antifungal activities of moulds associated with selected stored grains and legumes

72%
Ohabughiro N. B.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2023
|
vol. 50
52-59
EN
An antifungal agent can either kill or inhibit the growth of fungi by interfering with the formation of fungal cell membrane, weakening it and hindering cell division. Antifungal agents of amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and voriconazole of Thermo Fisher Scientific limited were used for this study. Cultural analysis of stored grains and legumes (rice, maize, wheat, groundnut and beans) from Imo State was done using streak plate method. Sabouraud dextrose agar was used for the culture while Mueller Hinton agar was used for Antifungal sensitivity test. Moulds were further identified using 18s rRNA gene sequencing method. The antifungal sensitivity profile of isolated and identified moulds was evaluated using the clinical laboratory and standard institute approved methods for testing of moulds, the disk diffusion and tetrazolium chloride test. The results showed that Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus and Penicillium chrysogenum were the moulds isolated and identified using both cultural and 18S rRNA sequence. The fungal isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole and voriconazole. Amphotericin B was both resistant and susceptible to different moulds. The fungal isolates were resistant to fluconazole. Inhibition effects were more with the antifungal disc than with tetrazolium salts. All the isolates were resistant to tetrazolium chloride and gave no zone of inhibition. Combination of antifungal agent and tetrazolium chloride showed sensitivity only to ketoconazole. Antifungal disc alone gave a better zone of inhibition than the combination of antifungal agents with tetrazolium salts. This study showed that ketoconazole has greater inhibitory potential than other antifungal agents. Ketoconazole remains the best drug of choice among the studied antifungal agents for fungal infections. Therefore antifungal drugs can be used against moulds of economic importance in the country.
4
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Aspergillus niger, a dominant phylloplane coloniser, influences the activity of defense enzymes in Solanum lycopersicum

72%
Goswami S., Paul P. K., Sharma P. D., Goswami S., Paul P. K., Sharma P. D.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
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2019
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vol. 59
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issue 4
5
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Higher induction of defense enzymes and cell wall reinforcement in maize by root associated bacteria for better protection against Aspergillus niger

72%
Jha Y., Jha Y.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2019
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vol. 59
|
issue 3
6
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Microbiological safety of fruit juices consumed in cafes and restaurants of Debre Markos town, north western Ethiopia

58%
Geta K., Kebede A., Chemedissa M.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2019
|
vol. 24
287-298
EN
Improperly prepared fresh fruit and vegetable juices are recognized as an emerging cause of food borne illnesses. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the microbiological safety of fresh fruit juices marketed in Debre Markos town and their hygienic conditions of preparations. Thirty-six fruit juices samples were collected from 6 cafés and restaurants of Debre Markos town and analyzed for total aerobic viable bacterial count (TAVBC), total staphylococcal count (TSC), aerobic spore forming bacterial count (ASFBC), total coliform count (TCC), fecal coliform count (FCC), yeast and mould count (YMC). The spread plate method was used for the isolation of microorganisms on appropriate selective media. All isolates were characterized following standard methods. Bacterial and fungal species were isolated following standard methods, while questionnaires were distributed to 30 juice makers to obtain preliminary information on their hygienic and safety practices. Results show that the mean TAVBC, ASFBC, TSC, yeast and mould, TCC and FCC of mango were 2.2±0.48×106, 0.13±0.04×105, 0.004×105, 1.1±0.2×106, 0.15±0.05×105, 5.7±3.73×104 and 0.06±0.04×104, cfu/ml, respectively. Moreover, the mean of TAVBC, ASFBC, TSC, YMC, TCC, and FCC of avocado juice were 3.6±0.6×106, 0.08±0.02×105, 0.27±0.07×105, 1.2±0.4×106, 0.02±0.01×105, 6.46±3.7×104, and 0.2±0.1×104 cfu/ml, respectively. The bacterial isolates were identified as S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella spp. B. cereus, Enterobacter spp., Enterococcous spp., Streptococcus spp., and Serratia spp., while the identities of the fungal isolates were Fusarium spp., Mucor spp. and S. cerevisiae. The results also showed that the microbial loads of most of the fruit juices were higher than the specifications set for fruit juices sold in the Gulf region and other parts of the world. Most venders obtained fruit from the open market and all juice makers lacked special training in food hygiene and safety. Therefore, regular training and health education on food hygiene and safety is recommended for juice handlers to improve the quality of fresh fruit juices in the study area.
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