Before microorganisms were discovered as the causative agents of diseases, it was taught that diseases occur as a result of an imbalance in energy channels within the body system. With the advent of antimicrobials drugs to cure these diseases in both humans and animals, these antimicrobial drugs turn out to be ineffective as a result of overuse and misuse that lead to antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobials resistance is a silent pandemic having high morbidity and mortality that result in the death of over 1.2 million people worldwide as of 2019. Antimicrobial drugs are meant to prevent and treat disease but as a result of irrational usage, they pose great risks to humans, animals, and also the environment. This resistance is the major cause of persistent diseases and there is a need to avert its transmission and prevent further occurrence through a multidisciplinary approach, approaches to vaccine design and development, and also strengthening health care services delivery.
Surfactin, a highly powerful biosurfactant produced by various strains of the genus Bacillus, exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor and hemolytic action. This anionic cyclic lipopeptide is constituted by a heptapeptide interlinked with a β-hydroxy fatty acid. Due to its amhipathic nature surfactin incorporates into the phospholipid bilayer and induces permeabilization and perturbation of target cells. The rising antibiotic resistance as well as a number of remarkable surfactin activities shows that it deserves special interest and is considered as a candidate compound for combating several health related issues. In this review, the current state of knowledge of surfactin properties, biomedical potential and limitations for its application is presented.
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among food pathogens has increased during recent decades. In this work, pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and E. coli were isolated following standard methods. The bacterial isolates were then tested for their sensitivity to common antibiotics using the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar. All of the pathogenic bacteria were found to be resistant to erythromycin and almost all were sensitive to penicillin.
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