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This article summarizes the activities at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (Max-Planck-Institut f?r Z?chtungsforschung, MPIZ) in the area of ?Arabidopsis genomics?. We describe the status of three Arabidopsis thaliana genomic projects at the MPIZ: 1) The Gene Knock-Out Facility ZIGIA (Zentrum zur Identifikation von Genfunktionen durch Insertionsmutagenese bei A. thaliana, Center for Functional Genomics in A. thaliana) using lines tagged with the maize transposon En/Spm, 2) the GABI-Kat project that provides sequence indexed T-DNA tagged lines and 3) the GABI-MASC project that creates mapping tools based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for efficient assessment of natural diversity in A. thaliana. The materials and tools developed by these projects are publicly available and used worldwide by scientist to explore the frontiers of plant sciences.
EN
Recognition of avirulent pathogens by plants activates defense system, cell death and the general broad-spectrum resistance called systemic acquired resistance - SAR. Several components involved in signaling resistance have recently been identified. Resistance gene mediated responses have been classified according to requirement of NDR1 or EDS1 gene. This classification correlates with R-gene structure. Salicylic acid plays central role in SAR. CPR and NPR1 genes function upstream and downstream of salicylic acid, respectively. Recent studies have demonstrated importance of the cell death in SAR. Novel defence signaling pathways that are independent on salicylic acid have been characterized.
EN
A plethora of heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) has been obtained from various plant species (33,45-48,50,51). The Arabidopsis genome sequencing project provided confirmation of the existence of at least twenty one HSFs which were classified into three major classes, A, B and C, and numerous subclasses (9). Members of HSF class A displayed differential transcriptional activities in tobacco protoplasts that varied from 15- to 50-fold above the control level. This diversity of activity levels may reflect HSF variations regarding their transcriptional activation functions- some of the members might be the major heat inducible HSFs (class A1 HSFs), while others act in an auxiliary capacity as HSF activity boosters (38). Two new class B HSFs showed no transcriptional activation potential; however, they differed significantly in their ability to bind to heat shock elements (HSEs). The efficiency in HSE binding was linked directly with the ability to suppress the activity of endogenous tobacco HSFs. The suppression of endogenous HSFs by class B members provides further evidence that class B HSFs are not transcriptional activators, but are able to trans-attenuate the transcriptional activity of bona fide activator HSFs (34,41). The transcriptional competency of class C HSFs has not been determined.
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