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EN
Thermo-reactive diffusion/deposition technique is an alternative to physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition techniques for obtaining wear and corrosion resistant coatings on steel parts. In this work, thermo-reactive diffusion/deposition technique was used to produce niobium aluminum carbonitride-based coatings on AISI M2 steel. Characterization of the coatings was done by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance of the produced coatings was investigated by using potentiodynamic polarization in a solution of 0.5 M NaCl. Hard, compact and adherent coatings, mainly consisting of NbC and NbN phases were obtained. The corrosion behavior of the samples was investigation by potentiodynamic polarization measurements.
EN
In this work the effect of temperature on grain refinement of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy (AZ31B) processed by equal channel angular pressing using route A is described. The deformation sequences consisted of equal channel angular pressing passes at 200C followed by passes at 150°C. Nonhomogeneous grain size distribution promotes shear band formation at 150°C. Shear bands with microcracks inside were analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction technique.
EN
The aim of this study was the application of tomographic techniques (focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) to qualitative and quantitative characterization of structural elements in T/P92 creep resistant 9% Cr steel, Allvac 718Plus Ni-based superalloy and W-based alloy - multiphase materials for environmentally friendly power plants exposed to extreme operational conditions. The study showed that tomography techniques permit to obtain complementary information about microstructural features (precipitates size, shape and their spatial distribution) in the reconstructed volume with comparison to conventional particle analysis methods, e.g. quantitative transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy metallography.
EN
The infrared spectromicroscopy is a quite recent technique rapidly developing thanks to the availability of new instruments and new brilliant synchrotron radiation sources in different areas and in particular to biomedical researches. In order to achieve a diffraction limited spatial resolution in tissue samples, we performed experiments at SINBAD, the synchrotron infrared beamline of the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. We characterized the chemical composition of prostate tissue samples taken from patients affected by prostate cancer disease. Different sizes of the pinholes were considered for the measurements. In the case of prostate tissue sections the results show the possibility to determine the intensity ratio of the CH_2 and CH_3 bands set at 2930 cm^{-1} and 2960 cm^{-1}, respectively. Experiments were also performed with a pinhole of 5 μm of diameter and the differences in both histological and chemical compositions of such samples were determined.
EN
The adsorption of horse spleen ferritin on gold surface is studied with null ellipsometry and scanning electron microscopy. The high sensitivity and in situ advantage of ellipsometry make it very attractive for studies of ultrathin biomolecular layers. The influence of pH and protein concentration in solution on the adsorption kinetics was interpreted using ex situ scanning electron microscopy shots and computer modeling of the system "prism-gold film-adsorbed layer-solution". It seems that the first fast stage comprises nucleation process occurring at active sites and the following slow multistage process of a protein film growth. The data about adsorption kinetics of protein and the structure of the adsorbate layers obtained in this study enable understanding of such processes in real biological system, e.g. the protein adsorption on blood vessels and tissues in pathological processes.
EN
Vibrational spectroscopy has been extensively used for in vitro and in vivo investigations of degradation mechanism and kinetics of different biomedical materials as well as it has been used to characterize the crystalline and amorphous domains in bio-mineralization process. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy methods are valuable tools in the biomaterials engineering allowing to study processes occurring during their preparation. In vitro tests, where the materials are immersed in simulated body fluids and/or artificial saliva, were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of biomaterials. This kind of tests are a wide range of repeatable and reproducible methods, which are regulated by international standards for commercial use and scientific development of new materials and products. The aim of this work was to examine phase composition of materials applied in dentistry. The bioactivity of such biomaterials was studied by immersing the samples in synthetic body fluid and artificial saliva. The changes were determined by the Fourier transform infrared and Raman microspectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy. It was found that results obtained by vibrational spectroscopy show the differences between the studied samples. Chemical reactions occurring during incubation of cements in artificial saliva as well as in synthetic body fluid result in formation of phosphates which deposit on the cement surface.
EN
To determine the impact of an oxidizing Ar-H₂-H₂O/air dual atmosphere on the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of the Crofer 22APU steel as compared to oxidation in a single atmosphere (Ar-H₂-H₂O or air), the oxidation kinetics of this steel were investigated both in single and dual reaction atmospheres at 1073 K during 100, 250, 500, and 1000 h of oxidation. Detailed morphological observations and the results of chemical composition analyses carried out using transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the presence of Fe in the scale formed on the cathode side in the dual atmosphere. Based on morphological observations (scanning- and transmission electron microscopies) and chemical and phase composition analyses (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively) of the products of oxidation of the Crofer 22APU steel, and on the determined oxidation kinetics, a mechanism describing scale growth on both sides of the steel during its oxidation in conditions involving a gradient of the chemical potential of oxygen and hydrogen was proposed.
EN
Series of Ni_{45.5-x}Co_{4.5}Mn_{36.6}In_{13.4}B_{x} (at.%, x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) polycrystalline magnetic shape memory alloys were examined in terms of the magnetic properties, structure and transition temperatures. Depending on the boron concentration single or two phase alloys microstructures were observed. Additionally, the martensitic transformation temperatures decreases with the boron addition. Magnetic-field induced transformation occurs for the alloys with the boron addition up to 0.1 at.%. For alloys with 0.5 and 1.0 at.% of B transformation is hindered.
EN
Hot extrusion process was applied to Ni_{54.3}Fe_{16.2}Ga_{29.5} polycrystalline alloy. Then the rod was annealed subsequently for 1 h at 700, 800, 900, and 1100°C. In this paper the effect of annealing on the microstructure of the polycrystalline extruded Ni-Fe-Ga alloy were analyzed. The structure of the alloys was determined by the X-ray and transmission electron microscopy. The electron backscattering diffraction technique was applied to obtain the texture of the extruded rods after heat treatment.
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