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  1. 48 Acta Physica Polonica A

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  1. 7 Ozsoy M.

  2. 6 Fidan S.

  3. 6 Ozsoy N.

  4. 5 Mimaroglu A.

  5. 4 Bora M.

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1
Content available remote

Volcanic Ash Reinforcement Concentration Effect on Thermal Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Composites

100%
Fidan S.
Acta Physica Polonica A
|
2015
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vol. 127
|
issue 4
1002-1003
EN
This paper reports the results of experiments evaluating the thermal properties of volcanic ash (VA) reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites with various concentrations. PVC matrix composites reinforced with various VA concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt.%) were manufactured by using a twin screw micro-compounder and an injection molding machine. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to monitor the changes in physical and chemical properties of VA reinforced PVC composites as a function of increasing temperature and time. Measuring the changes in weight of the material as a result of heating gives valuable information about thermal degradation of VA reinforced PVC composites. Therefore by using TGA, effect of volcanic ash concentration on thermal stability and degradation extent of PVC matrix composite was evaluated
2
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Evaluation of Volcanic Ash Concentration Effect on Mechanical Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites

100%
Bora M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
|
2015
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vol. 127
|
issue 4
1004-1006
EN
Various concentrations of inorganic particles of volcanic ashes (VA) were added using twin screw extruder and the injection molding machines to the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to fabricate PVC/VA composites. The effect of volcanic ash particles weight content (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt.%) on the mechanical properties of PVC/VA composites was investigated by tensile and flexural tests. Tensile and flexural properties of composite samples were determined under three different temperatures (-10°C, 20°C and 50°C) by using Shimadzu AG-X test machine, having a load cell of 10 kN and equipped with the thermostatic chamber with controlled temperature environment. As a result, mechanical properties of PVC/VA composites showed that VA can be used as a filler material in PVC composites. Results of both, the tensile and the flexural tests showed that at -10°C and at 20°C, flexural and tensile strength values of 25 wt.% PVC/VA composites have decreased by nearly 15%, compared to value of pure PVC. Even though VA particles decrease the flexural and tensile strength of PVC, VA can be used as a filler material in PVC matrix. Morphologies of the fracture surfaces and the dispersion of VA particles were observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
3
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Solid Particle Erosion Behavior of Volcanic Ash/PVC Composites

100%
Çoban O.
Acta Physica Polonica A
|
2015
|
vol. 127
|
issue 4
998-1001
EN
In this study an attempt has been made to evaluate the solid particle erosion behavior of PVC based composites with various volcanic ash (VA) concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt.%). VA/PVC composites were prepared by using a twin screw micro-compounder and an injection molding machine. The erosion testing of VA/PVC composites was performed in accordance with the ASTM G76-95 standard at 6 different particle impingement angles (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°) and under the pressure of 1.5 bar by using abrasive Al₂O₃ particles. The morphology of eroded surfaces was examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and possible wear mechanisms were discussed. Moreover, the surface roughness values of eroded VA/PVC composites were analyzed by using a non-contact laser optical profilometer. 3D surface topographies were also examined.
4
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Preparation and Characterization of Urea/Formaldehyde/Rosa Canina sp. Seeds Composites

100%
Gürses A., Karagöz S., Mindivan F., Güneş K., Doğar Ç., Aktürk S.
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|
vol. 125
|
issue 2
368-373
EN
Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin which is one of the most important wood adhesives is a polymeric condensation product of the chemical reaction of formaldehyde with urea, and considered as the most important type of adhesive resins for the production of particleboards. The present study is aimed to preparation and characterization of urea/formaldehyde/Rosa Canina sp. seeds - and urea/formaldehyde/ Rosa Canina sp. seeds/organo clay composites and also to determine the utility as an alternative and low cost material to manufacture particleboard. The synthesis of various composites was carried out using fresh Rosa Canina sp. seeds, typical agricultural waste, in its changing ratios from 7.7 to 83.3 wt%. Also, some of the composite mixtures were prepared by adding organo clay (0.17-3.3 wt%) in a constant ratio of 1/1 wt of urea and formaldehyde. The structural and mechanical characterization of samples was performed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, high resolution transmission electron microscopy images and measurements of Shore D and scratch hardness. The analysis results conclude that organo clay platelets dispersed as simultaneously intercalated and exfoliated in resin matrix and also the increased organo clay ratio led to increase in the hardness values of samples.
5
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Buckling Behaviour of Short Cylindrical Functionally Gradient Polymeric Materials

100%
Uysal M., Kremzer M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
|
2015
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vol. 127
|
issue 4
1355-1357
EN
In the present study, the buckling behavior of short cylindrical Functionally Gradient Polymeric Materials (FGPMs) was studied. Besides, the structure and graphite distributions of the FGPMs were investigated. Epoxy resin was used as polymeric matrix component and two types of graphite powder materials, PAM96/98 and PV60/65, were selected. Graphite powders were added in quantities of 3, 6, 9, and 12% of volume respectively. Short cylindrical FGPMs samples were manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The structure and graphite distribution of FGPMs samples were investigated by light microscope and image processing program. It was observed that the graphite distribution had varied between the inner and outer diameter. The buckling behavior of short cylindrical FGPMs was analyzed by finite element analysis. The buckling loads of FGPMs samples were predicted.
6
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Surface Roughness in Drilling of Electrically Conductive Polyamide

100%
Uysal A., Altan E.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 129
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issue 4
442-444
EN
In this study, drilling of unreinforced polyamide and carbon black reinforced electrically conductive polyamide was performed with drill tools having different drill point angle at different cutting speeds and feeds. The surface roughness of drilled holes was measured and the chip forms were investigated. The experimental studies were designed by utilizing Taguchi L₉ orthogonal series in order to obtain optimum drilling parameters and analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical method was used to specify the effects of the process parameters on the surface roughness.
7
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Surface Roughness of Milled Sheet Molding Compound Composites

100%
Uysal A., Altan M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2015
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vol. 127
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issue 4
1218-1220
EN
Sheet molding compounds (SMC) are alternative materials in manufacturing of structural components, automotive components and electrical resistant parts, due to their high strength, light weight, easy formation and low material cost. However, machining is demanded as a secondary process for achieving the final shape of the part for assembly. During machining of SMC composites, some problems are faced because of the different machining characteristics of polymer matrix and fiber reinforcement. In this study, commercial SMC composite including 25 wt.% polyester, 30 wt.% glass fiber and 45 wt.% calcium carbonate, was milled under different depth of cut, feed and cutting speed. Taguchi experimental design was used to determine the effectiveness of the parameters. After the slots were milled, the roughness of the machined surfaces was investigated and it was found that lower feed, higher depth of cut were more effective than cutting speed in decreasing surface roughness.
8
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Surface Modification Effect of Volcanic Ash Particles Using Silane Coupling Agent on Mechanical Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfide Composites

100%
Bora M., Çoban O., Fidan S., Kutluk T., Sinmazçelik T.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 129
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issue 4
495-497
EN
The surface treatment of volcanic ash particles with various concentrations (1-3-5% (v/v)) silane coupling agent (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APTS)) having organic functional group was conducted. After surface treatment, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composite samples containing surface treated volcanic ash particles at two concentrations (10 and 15 wt%) were manufactured by twin screw extruder and injection molding machine. This study investigated the effect of surface modification on mechanical properties of two different concentrated volcanic ash/PPS composites. All tests were performed using a Shimadzu AG-X Universal Tester. Tensile and three point bending tests were carried out at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min and 2 mm/min according to ISO 527-2 and ASTM D790 standards, respectively. During the experiments, the relation between the mechanical properties and surface treatment concentrations of silane agent on volcanic ash/PPS composites was determined as a function of tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus. Moreover, fracture surface morphologies of volcanic ash/PPS composite samples were observed by using a scanning electron microscopy.
9
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Effect of Silane as Coupling Agent on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Volcanic Ash Filled PPS Composites

100%
Çoban O., Bora M., Kutluk T., Fidan S., Sınmazçelik T.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 129
|
issue 4
492-494
EN
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of surface modification of volcanic ash particles on dynamic mechanical properties of volcanic ash filled polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composites. For this purpose volcanic ash particles were modified with 1, 3, 5 vol.% of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APTS) which has an organic functional group. All volcanic ash/PPS composite samples were prepared by using DSM Xplore 15 ml twin screw microcompounder and DSM Xplore 12 ml injection molding machines. The content of volcanic ash in composite samples was varied as 10 and 15 wt%. Volcanic ash filler dispersion and adhesion between volcanic ash particles and PPS matrix were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Dynamic mechanical properties such as storage modulus (E') and glass transition temperature (T_{g}) were investigated by TA Instruments Q800 dynamic mechanical analyzer. During the experiments, the relation between silane coupling and dynamic mechanical properties was evaluated.
10
Content available remote

Silane Coupling Efficiency on Thermal Properties of Volcanic Ash Filled PPS Composites

100%
Kutluk T., Çoban O., Bora M., Fidan S., Sınmazçelik T.
Acta Physica Polonica A
|
2016
|
vol. 129
|
issue 4
498-500
EN
Thermal properties of volcanic ash filled polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composites have been investigated with respect to surface treatment that was conducted with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APTS) which had an organic functional group. Volcanic ash/PPS composite samples were prepared by using DSM Xplore 15 ml twin screw microcompounder and DSM Xplore 12 ml injection molding machines. The content of volcanic ash in composite samples was varied as 10 and 15 wt%. Volcanic ash filler dispersion and adhesion between volcanic ash particles and PPS matrix were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Thermal properties such as crystallization and melting behavior were investigated by TA Instruments Q200 differential scanning calorimeter. According to the test results, the relation between the thermal properties and surface treatment was determined as a function of melting temperature and melting enthalpy. Additionally, crystallization behavior was investigated according to surface treatment.
11
Content available remote

Mechanical Properties of Chopped Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

63%
Ozsoy N., Ozsoy M., Mimaroglu A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
|
vol. 130
|
issue 1
297-299
EN
An experimental study has been carried out to investigate tensile, bending, impact and hardness properties of chopped carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Four different weight fractions (0%, 6%, 8%, 10%) were added as reinforcement to composites. The samples were manufactured by using a special designed mold. Tests were carried out according to the ASTM standards. Results of the tests have shown that hardness increases with the increasing amount of carbon fiber in composites. Tensile, bending and impact performances have increased up to 8% of carbon fiber in the composite and then started to decrease.
12
Content available remote

Comparison of Mechanical Behaviour of Carbon and Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

63%
Ozsoy N., Mimaroğlu A., Ozsoy M., Ozsoy M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2015
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vol. 127
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issue 4
1032-1034
EN
An experimental study has been carried out to investigate tensile and bending properties of carbon fiber (CFRE) and glass fiber-reinforced (GFRE) epoxy composites. Three different fiber orientations were applied, 0°, 90° and [0°, 90°]. The laminates were obtained by manual lay-up process. The samples were evaluated by tensile tests according to the ASTM D3039 and bending tests according to the ASTM D790. Experimental results showed that maximum tensile strengths were observed at 0° fiber direction for the both CFRE and GFRE composites. With respect to their tension properties, the CFRE samples had better performance than the GFRE samples, except for the 90° orientation. Three point bending tests proved that in all orientations CFRE composites had better performance, compared to GFRE composites.
13
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Effect of CBC and G-POSS on Tribological Behaviour of Polyamide 6 and Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6 Composites

63%
Gul O., Yilmaz S., Yilmaz T.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2015
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vol. 127
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issue 4
1121-1123
EN
In this study, effect of glycidylisobutyl oligomeric silsesquioxane (G-POSS) and 1.1'-carbonyl-bis-caprolactam (CBC) (1 wt.%) on the friction and wear performance of polyamide 6 (PA6) and short glass fiber (SGF) (10 and 20 wt.%) reinforced PA6 composites were investigated. Adhesive wear tests were carried out by using a tribometer in block-on-ring configuration (ASTM G77), in sliding conditions, without lubricants and in air. Tests were carried out at sliding speed of 1.6 m/s (511 rpm) and applied load values of 25, 50 and 75 N. Wear rate was calculated using weight loss per unit sliding distance. The results showed that, the friction force increases with the increasing load. It was found that the wear resistance of PA6 improved considerably after doping with CBC.
14
Content available remote

Preparation and Swelling Properties of Zeolite-Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) Hydrogel Composites

63%
Akti F., Boran F.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
|
vol. 130
|
issue 1
147-149
EN
Zeolite-Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-co-acrylic acid (AA)) hydrogel composite materials were synthesized by in situ free radical addition polymerization technique. The swelling values obtained highly for the hydrogel are synthesized at HEMA/AA monomer ratio value of 80/20. The hydrogel composites synthesized with zeolite having -90 μ m particle size and 20 wt% amount showed the highest swelling degree. Zeolite adding to the hydrogel structure increased the swelling values of hydrogel. Synthesized samples were characterized using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer technique.
15
Content available remote

Taguchi Approach to Tribological Behaviour of Chopped Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite Materials

63%
Ozsoy N., Ozsoy M., Mimaroglu A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
|
vol. 132
|
issue 3
846-848
EN
Chopped carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated and tested for tribological behaviour. Wear behaviour of composites was studied using pin-on-disc wear tester device. The design of experiment, using Taguchi method, was employed to analyse the results. Signal to noise ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the influence of parameters on the wear rate and coefficient of friction.
16
Content available remote

Characterization of UHWPE-TiO₂ Composites Produced by Gelation/Crystallization Method

63%
Celebi Efe G., Bindal C., Ucisik A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
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vol. 132
|
issue 3
767-769
EN
In this study, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) - TiO₂ composites reinforced with TiO₂ particles with weight ratios of 0.5, 1 and 2% were produced by gelation/crystallization method in decalin+antioxidant solution of UHMWPE at 150°C, for 40 min by using magnetic stirrer. The gel mixture was cooled in an aluminum tray embedded in iced water under ambient conditions and dried in an oven at 130°C for 90 min to remove any residual trace of decalin. Distribution and elemental analyses of TiO₂ particles in polymer matrix was examined by SEM-EDS. Crystallization behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Based on the results, TiO₂ particles in the UHMWPE have accelerated the crystallization, acting as nucleating agents, with increment from 56% for UHMWPE to 63.5% for UHMWPE-2 wt% TiO₂. The present bond types in composites were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and the results are in good agreement with literature. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed to determine Young's modulus of UHMWPE-TiO₂ composites. It was found that Young's modulus of UHMWPE was increased from 52 MPa to 800 MPa with the addition of TiO₂ particles.
17
Content available remote

Carbon Black Loaded Composite Poly(Dimethyl Siloxane) Membrane Preparation and Application for Hazardous Chemical Removal from Water

51%
Nigiz F., Unlu D., Hilmioglu N.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
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vol. 132
|
issue 3
693-696
EN
Industrial waste-water contains hundreds of hazardous chemical components such as volatile organic compounds. Several of the chemicals, such as acetone, are soluble in water. These chemicals pose a threat to the human health and ecosystem. The governments are interested in decreasing the concentration of these chemicals in waste-water by making environmental regulations. Most of the chemical industries have their own waste-water treatment units. These units can separate impurities down to ppm level. After that point, more complicated and costly methods are required. Alternatively, membrane separation methods, such as pervaporation can be used for selective separations of the volatile organic compounds. Pervaporative separation system is defined as environmentally friendly, cost effective process to separate azeotropic and water soluble mixtures. The membrane is the main constituent of the pervaporation and the performance of the separation is directly affected by the membrane selection. In this study, carbon black loaded poly(dimethyl siloxane) mixed matrix membrane was prepared to separate acetone from water by pervaporation. Thermal gravimetric analysis was applied to determine the thermal behavior of the membrane. Inorganic distribution was monitored by means of polarized electron microscopy. Contact angle measurement was applied to determine the effect of filler incorporation on the polymer hydrophobicity. Effect of temperature and feed molar ratio on acetone selectivity and flux were determined.
18
Content available remote

Influence of Parameters on Tribological Behaviour of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

51%
Ozsoy N., Ozsoy M., Mimaroglu A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2015
|
vol. 128
|
issue 2B
B-55-B-58
EN
E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated by hand lay up method and tested for investigating tribological behaviours. Wear behaviours of composites 0°, 90° and [0°/90°] oriented were investigated by pin on disc wear tester device for a constant distance (1000 m) and the design of experiments approach using the Taguchi method was employed. The tests were conducted sliding against a steel disc (60 HRC) under different sliding and loading conditions. Signal to noise ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to investigate the influence of parameters on the wear rate and coefficient of friction.
19
Content available remote

Ballistic Protection Evaluation of Sequencing the Composite Material Sandwich Panels for the Reliable Combination of Armor Layers

51%
Yilmazcoban I., Doner S.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
|
issue 1
342-346
EN
Impact problems are usually interesting for the military, either for defensive or offensive purposes to develop armor or ammunition. Recently, daily applications request safety of the products, therefore, it is essential to understand the material behavior under intense short duration or impact loadings. Metallic armor is extremely heavy and would not be popular for personal protection. However, reinforced fiber composites have been used for these purposes. In present study, carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum honeycomb, aramid and plywood materials were used for armor matrix layers. For determining the capability of sequencing the composite layers, ballistic tests for all six combination of sequenced sandwich panels for three different composites were evaluated at a speed of 700 m/s using a 36 caliber one-cored projectile. To obtain cheaper and reliable solutions for further studies of various test conditions, computer aided ballistic simulations were analyzed. To make sufficient correlations, the test results and the computer simulations were compared to each other. Finally, plywood used between the aramid and the carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel has shown the most accurate and the reliable results of the tests and the computer simulations.
20
Content available remote

Improvement of the Toughness and Crack Propagation Resistance Properties of Poly(Phenylene Sulfide)

51%
Cetin B., Sahin A., Karsli N., Yilmaz T., Sinmazcelik T., Curgul I.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 129
|
issue 4
683-686
EN
Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is a high-performance thermoplastic engineering polymer, which exhibits outstanding properties such as electrical insulation, dimensional and thermal stability, chemical resistance, etc. In addition to this, PPS has a high degree of crystallinity and it exhibits good physical properties at elevated temperatures. Owing to these properties, PPS is widely used in electrical and electronic components, automobile industry and mechanical applications. These outstanding properties of PPS can be attributed to its chemical structure, composed of phenyl groups linked by a sulfur atom, which gives rigidity to the chain. On the other hand, the brittleness with low elongation strain, toughness and crack propagation resistance also restricts its further applications. Several methods are used to overcome these undesirable properties of PPS. Blending of PPS with other polymers is one of these methods. In this study, Ethylene-Acrylic Ester-Glycidyl Methacrylate terpolymer (Lotader®-AX8900) was used to improve the toughness and crack propagation resistance properties of PPS. For this purpose, PPS/Lotader (0, 2, 5, 10 wt.% Lotader) blends were prepared at various compositions. The blends were manufactured using laboratory scale twin screw extruder and injection molding machine. Mechanical properties of blends were investigated by using tensile test method. In addition to this, crack propagation and toughness of samples were investigated by using essential work of fracture (EWF) method. As a result of this study, it was found that Lotader addition significantly increases the toughness and crack propagation resistance of PPS.
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