Elastically backscattered electrons and electron energy losses were measured for the Co/Cu(110) system at different incidence angles of the primary electron beam to obtain the directional elastic peak electron spectroscopy and directional electron energy loss spectroscopy profiles. The measurements were performed for clean and covered Cu(110) by equivalent quantities of 3 ML and 5 ML of Co. The directional elastic peak electron spectroscopy profiles show a similar distribution of intensity maxima for Cu(110) and Co/Cu(110), which indicates the epitaxial growth of Co layers. The chemical sensitive signal of electron energy losses (Cu and Co 3 p_{3/2}) recorded as a function of the incidence angle of primaries is characterized by modulations which reflect the order within the first few atomic layers of the investigated sample. Therefore, in the case of directional electron energy loss spectroscopy both the chemical and structural information is obtained.
The integrity of turbine blades is essential for the safe operation of jet engines. Thus, the mechanical properties, especially creep resistance and fatigue strength at high temperatures, must be thoroughly optimized. In particular, it has previously been observed that the mechanical properties of blades depend on the microstructure and porosity resulting from the casting process. To decrease the internal porosity generated by investment casting, hot isostatic pressing can be applied. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of hot isostatic pressing on the microstructure of IN713C alloy blades. Two variants of hot isostatic pressing treatment, differing in pressure, were carried out, and each resulted in lowered porosity. Microstructural investigations, performed using scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction revealed significant changes of γ' particles and high strain intensity in the surface layer of the blades after hot isostatic pressing treatment.
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