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EN
Wavelet transformation is one of the most popular tools for acoustic signal analysis. It provides good resolution both in time and frequency domains as well as wide choice of mother wavelets - this makes wavelet transformation a choice when flexible approach is required. However, selecting parameters of analysis can be difficult, especially regarding mother wavelet as different mother wavelets have various properties regarding number of vanishing moments and symmetry. This paper presents studies to determine the possibility of on-load tap changer wear detection by applying wavelet transformation. In research, different mother wavelets were selected and their usefulness was examined. Signals to be analyzed were obtained during on-load tap changer operation in different mechanical conditions - simulating devices wear in service. All measurements were performed on model very similar to real industrial on-load tap changer. Tests were conducted in controlled laboratory environment, reducing most of the possible disruptions.
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Quadrature Oscillator Design with G_{m}-C Structure

100%
EN
This paper presents an attractive and new quadrature oscillator based on G_{m}-C structure. The proposed quadrature oscillator is achieved with MOS transistors and two capacitors. The passive capacitors are grounded, which is an advantage for integrated circuit implementation. The theoretical results are verified by LTSPICE simulation using the 0.18 μm CMOS technology from TSMC. The proposed quadrature oscillator circuit can be used in several communication and instrumentation systems.
EN
In this paper, we present new voltage mode quadrature oscillator, employing single differential difference transconductance amplifier. The proposed oscillator structure consists of two grounded capacitors and a single resistor. The use of grounded capacitors is particularly attractive for integrated circuit implementation. In this way, the frequency of oscillations can be controlled by the biasing current of transconductance stage. Simulation results agree quite well with the theoretical analysis.
EN
The paper presents the results of vibroacoustic investigations and the measurements of the acoustic pressure level (noise) of a transformer model. The measurements were taken at a full transformer load in two operation conditions: at a producer packeted core and at unpacketed core. Unpacketing consisted in loosing the screws pressing the particular core plates. Mechanical vibrations were registered and the acoustic pressure level was measured. The vibroacoustic analysis results are presented in the form of frequency spectra and the results of the acoustic analysis of the transformer under study are shown by determining corrected values of the acoustic pressure level and by a frequency analysis.
EN
This article deals with the subject matter of improvement of the acoustic emission methods used for location of partial discharges, which may occur inside power transformer insulation systems. Analytical solutions of spherical equations for location of partial discharge generation using the acoustic method were shown in detail. Presented in the article method of solving the assumed equations is based on the analytical method and matrix notation. Theoretical considerations and later the measurement-based verification refer to the use of the triangulation method for location of the occurrence of partial discharges. The results of the scientific and research works that have been presented in this article are the next stage of research aimed at development of on-line diagnosis system for insulation systems of electrical equipment, allowing for detection, measurement and identification of forms and locations of partial discharges using the acoustic emission method.
EN
Subject matter of this article concerns the results of research works on the development and use of the vibroacoustic method to evaluate technical state of transformer cores. The article presents obtained measurement results of transformer mechanical vibration for two cases of its operation: with twisted and loosened core. In order to demonstrate negative effects of operating a transformer with a loosened core, this publication presents thermographic images showing temperature distribution on its magnetic core. The article characterises the examined transformer, employed measurement system and methodology of the completed experiment. The vibroacoustic and thermographic measurements were carried out during idle work of the transformer. Core vibration was registered for three measurement axes: 0X, 0Y and 0Z. Completed tests have proven that loosened screws pressing the core cause evident increase in the value of magnetic core vibration acceleration. At the same time, the temperature rises by more than 25%.
7
80%
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vol. 125
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issue 6
1377-1379
EN
This paper presents the preliminary results of the performed experiment, based on common phenomenon of partial discharges. A simple Geiger-Muller counter (DP-66M) was used for measurement of a dose of ionizing radiation, which is accompanied by partial discharges. Values from which the radiation intensity was dependent could be controlled individually: the distance between measurer and source, as well as the voltage generating partial discharges. The obtained results indicate that in the examined phenomenon, significant dose of X-ray radiation is present. According to the Kramers-Kulenkampff theory, it depends also on the atomic number of elements involved. Using MATLAB software, the obtained data were compiled to develop suitable theory for further research study. There was also implemented fuzzification for the fuzzy logic, and the effect was the capability of forecasting radiation doses according to the fixed variables for a given material, where partial discharges were generated.
EN
The subject matter of this article concerns the diagnostic test results of transformer cores by measuring and analysing vibroacoustic signals registered during their normal operation. The main objective of this research study conducted by the authors, the results of which are published in this paper, is a critical analysis of vibroacoustic criteria, which are adopted in Poland nowadays, and based on which, the assessment of the core technical condition is performed. This article presents exemplary results that were obtained on two twin units of type TET 8509 with a power of 40 MVA. The paper specifies diagnosed structures, the measurement system applied, and the currently used methodology to assess the degree of core loosening. To determine the efficacy and assessment accuracy of the applied vibroacoustic criteria, correlation between mechanical vibration measurements of the tested transformer tanks and results obtained by gas chromatography was performed.
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vol. 125
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issue 6
1396-1399
EN
The paper deals with mathematical modeling of acoustic emission signals which are generated in on load tap changers. In power engineering area acoustic emission method is commonly used for diagnosis purposes. Authors in their research works apply it for detection of defects occurring in on load tap changers, which are important elements of power transformers. The acoustic emission method is based on measurements performed by use of wideband piezoelectric transducers that are mounted on transformer tank surface. The registered signal is then analyzed in the time, frequency, and time-frequency domains or is evaluated with computer expert systems for diagnosis purposes. Depending on indicators device technical condition can be determined. The contribution given by the authors in this paper is proposal of a mathematical model, which describes envelope of the measured acoustic emission signal.
EN
Results of scientific research works considering selection of measuring transducer applied for registration of acoustic emission signals generated by on load tap changers are presented in the paper. During the coupling process acoustic emission signals are generated by: the mechanical setup of tap changer, contacts operation, and other phenomena. For most on load tap changers types, the working medium is insulation oil in which the acoustic wave being formed propagates to the steal tank. There exists a possibility to register acoustic emission signals with a piezoelectric transducer attached to the outer tank surface or with a hydrophone immersed in the oil. Acoustic emission signal obtained in such manner contains information which describes operation of the power tap changer and the selector. A comparative analysis of acoustic emission signals generated by on load tap changers working under laboratory conditions, with applied measuring transducers with different transmittances, is presented in the paper. The comparative analysis was performed in order to determine their suitability for on load tap changers technical condition diagnosis. Based on the results achieved, one transducer which allows the registration of acoustic events generated during on load tap changers operation was selected.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2011
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vol. 120
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issue 4
571-574
EN
The paper presents research results referring to the development of a non-invasive method of assessment of the power transformer core technical condition based on the analysis of the mechanical vibrations registered. It characterizes the power object under study, the measuring system used and the developed methodology of assessment of the core pressing degree using the vibroacoustic method. The original results of the time-frequency analysis of the vibroacoustic signals presented in the paper were obtained during switching on a real 800 kVA dry type power transformer in laboratory conditions. The analysis of the signals registered was carried out for three states of its operation: the core pressed by the manufacturer, the core with loose screws fixing the upper yoke and the core with separated upper yoke beams.
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vol. 125
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issue 6
1299-1302
EN
The subject matter of this paper refers to the diagnostics of a transformer core, based on measurements and analysis of vibroacoustic signals registered during their normal operation. The paper presents results of the research aimed to evaluate the repeatability of vibration measurements for power transformer core. Recording of vibroacoustic signals was performed under laboratory conditions on dry-insulated transformers. The study concerned evaluation of changes in vibroacoustic indicators of the transformer core during operation with a turned and loosened core. Conclusions from the measurement results were drawn on the basis of the parametric test of significance derived from the variance analysis for many means of single classification basing on the Fisher-Snedecor F-distribution.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 116
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issue 3
277-280
EN
The subject matter of this paper refers to the assessment of the technical condition of a power transformer core and windings based on vibroacoustic measurements taken during a transient operation state of the appliance diagnosed - at a transformer unit switch on. The paper presents preliminary results of the research work carried out, which aims at elaborating a new diagnostic and assessment method of the degree of the transformer core and winding pressing using the so-called modified vibroacoustic method. The paper characterizes the measurement path and the assessment method of the core and winding pressing degree based on the selected analyses of the vibroacoustic signal registered. The original research results presented in the paper were obtained at a real 400 kV A power transformer switch on in laboratory conditions - for a regular operation condition and for modeled core damage.
EN
The article presents the results of attempts made to develop a non-invasive diagnostic method of a technical state of a transformer's core based on an analysis of mechanical vibrations registered during the start-up of the transformer analyzed. The paper presents a characteristic of the transformer under study, the measuring systems applied and the method developed for assessing the degree of the core loosening. The original results presented in the paper have been obtained under laboratory conditions during tests conducted on an oil transformer of 200 kVA. The analysis of recorded virboacoustic signals was performed by means of discrete wavelet transform for three different operating cases: the transformer with no core defect, the transformer with loose screws of the magnetic circuit of the upper yoke, and the transformer with completely loosen screws of the beam of the upper yoke and the lower core. The signals have been recorded on two perpendicular measuring axes: 0X and 0Y and their measured values were subject to the wavelet analysis.
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