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Systemic Cryotherapy Influence of Low Temperatures on Selected Physiological Parameters

100%
Damijan Z., Uhryński A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2012
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vol. 121
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issue 1A
A-38-A-41
EN
The work presents the research and analysis of the influence of low temperatures on selected physiological parameters of a human being. The research was conducted in the 20th Military Healing and Rehabilitation Hospital SPZOZ in Krynica-Zdrój, Poland. Systematic cryotherapy is a procedure during which the whole body, including the head, is exposed to very low temperature (about - 110°C) in a short time (no more than 3 min). The procedure is of a stressful nature; the exposure of almost naked body to a temperature not met in human natural environment causes a sudden mobilization of all the organism defence forces which is used in treatment, sport training and biological renewal. The reaction to extreme cold takes form of a short contraction which is followed by long-lasting - a few hours - dilatation of skin blood vessels. It is accompanied by analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, relaxation of bronchi muscles, tendency to decrease oedemas and exudates, increase in immunity and mood, including even the euphoria feeling. The research included 20 people after having signed the agreement and excluding any contraindications. The research was carried on following the criteria of the estimate of research reliability according to Jadad randomisation. Every day, during 14 weekdays, after and before the procedure (3 min stay in a cryochamber, t = - 110°C) the measurement of selected parameters were taken, such as: systolic and diastolic pressure, pulse, temperature in aural canal, body mass, fatty tissue and changes of outer body temperatures (thermo-vision analysis). On the basis of the results and conducted analysis one can state that systemic cryotherapy causes the following changes: statistically significant increase of systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, fatty tissue, significant drop of pulse, deep temperature in aural canal and outer body temperature in analysed thermograms. The results were developed statistically using standard methods in accordance with algorithms of statistical inference. The aim of the work is the research on how a short-term exposure to cold changes the outside temperature of the front of a body, and answer to the question if the limb heat - the left and right side - reacts to heat identically. The work introduces biophysical research of the influence of low temperatures on thermodynamic changes in a human being. The results presented are not often met in specialist literature.
2
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A New Approach for Transformer Cooling Systems: Application of Phase Change Materials (PCM)

51%
Buyukbicakci E., Temiz I., Edral H., Buyukbicakci Z.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2015
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vol. 127
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issue 4
1013-1015
EN
Cooling transformer materials are used for heat storage. In this study, phase change materials (PCM) were investigated in order to use them as alternative materials in cooling systems. PCM materials were tested and the results are presented. A transformer heating model was designed, heating spots were cooled down by application of PCM material to the model transformer. At the end of the study it was observed that heated phase change materials (PCM) kept cool during the same time period, compared to the control experiment.
3
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Study of Probes and Substrates for Low Temperature Atomic Force Microscopy and Biological Applications

51%
Radenovic A., Bystrenova E., Libioulle L., Dietler G.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2003
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vol. 104
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issue 3-4
373-380
EN
The atomic force microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum and at low temperature demonstrated its excellent capability to reach atomic resolution. Nevertheless in the case of biological samples high resolution has been achieved only in very few cases. We demonstrated here the importance of the appropriate choice of probes and substrates in order to image DNA at low temperature with high resolution. We investigated properties of three types of cantilevers and they were studied by scanning electron microscopy as a function of temperature. A large bending of cantilevers, which were coated from both sides, was observed at low temperatures. Therefore uncoated cantilevers are strongly recommended for low temperature applications. Different methods for immobilization of DNA on the substrate are examined at low temperatures. First images of linear DNA on graphite at 82 K under ultrahigh vacuum conditions are presented.
4
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The Cryogenic Enrichment System in Chromatographic Analysis of Noble Gases in Groundwater

51%
Najman J., Śliwka I.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 3
737-742
EN
The concentration of helium in groundwater may be a good environmental tracer for groundwater dating in hydrogeology. In this work, we present a chromatographic method for simultaneous analysis of helium, neon, and argon in groundwater from a single groundwater sample. Proper use of environmental tracers for dating purposes requires the knowledge of the recharge temperature of the system and the excess air. Both parameters can be determined by measuring the concentration of argon and neon in groundwater. The lowest helium concentration in groundwater is 4.8×10¯⁸ cm³_{STP}/g_{H₂O} at sea level and temperature 10°C. In view of the deficiency of a suitable detector with a limit of detection for helium at the level of 4.8×10¯⁸ cm³_{STP}/g_{H₂O}, the application of the enrichment method is necessary. In this work, the cryogenic method of enrichment with activated charcoal at abated pressure conditions was applied. Helium, neon and argon are analyzed on two gas chromatographs equipped with capillary and packed columns (filled with molecular sieve 5A and activated charcoal) and three thermo-conductive detectors. The chromatographic method was applied to groundwater dating from Kraków and Żarnowiec aquifers. The levels of detection for measurement systems for the tested compounds are: 1.9×10¯⁸ cm³_{STP}/cm³ for neon, 3.1×10¯⁶ cm³_{STP}/cm³ for argon, and 1.2×10¯⁸ cm³_{STP}/cm³ for helium.
5
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Applications of FTIR and ^{57}Fe Mössbauer Techniques in Studies of Recently Excavated Indian Archaeological Pottery

51%
Dhanapandian S., Manoharan C., Sutharsan P.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2012
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vol. 121
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issue 3
592-598
EN
The Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra and ^{57}Fe Mössbauer spectra have been recorded at room temperature for the recently excavated archaeological pottery sherds. FTIR spectroscopy is used to estimate the lower limit of firing temperature and firing nature of the pottery sherds, and it is confirmed by the results of the Mössbauer technique results. The results show that the ^{57}Fe Mössbauer and FTIR spectra of few pottery sherds of Perumalpattu and Theriruveli are nearly identical, indicating that they may belong to the same origin. ^{57}Fe Mössbauer spectra of black coloured sherds show the presence of Fe^{2+} ions which confirm the relation between the black colour in pottery and the existence of non-magnetic FeO compound, resulting from the reducing atmospheric condition during firing. FTIR results of reddish pot sherds show the presence of significant amount of Fe_2O_3/α-Fe_2O_3, which confirms again the relationship between the state and form of iron present in the pottery and its colour.
6
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Design of a Laboratory Unit Air-Conditioning System with Matlab/Simulink Software

51%
Koçyığıt N., Şahın M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
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vol. 132
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issue 3
839-842
EN
In this study, design of an electronic air-conditioning system was carried out using Matlab/Simulink software. The air-conditioning system was designed as a laboratory experimental setup. The aim of this study was to revise and to reuse an outdated air-conditioning laboratory unit, by using improved methods. General equations were defined separately for each part and cell of this air conditioning system. Using these equations Matlab/Simulink models for every component were created. The Matlab/Simulink models were combined and verified with theoretical results. The simulation results show that theoretical results are compatible with the simulation results. These results were tested for input and output air enthalpy values and for humidity values. In addition, air mass flow rates for the number of different fan speeds were compared. The coherent simulation results showed that the general model of the air conditioning system, designed in Matlab/Simulink, behaves correctly. This model will be used in the future studies for comparison of real system results with simulation results.
7
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Material Recovery of OFHC Cu and FeSi Steel after Processing by Plastic Deformations

44%
Kvackaj T., Kocisko R., Bidulska J., Luptak M., Kovacova A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
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vol. 131
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issue 5
1315-1318
EN
The influence of thermoplastic processes through severe plastic deformations carried out at ambient temperature and through rolling carried out at cryogenic temperature on the recovery for two types of materials was investigated. As experimental materials, there were used oxygen free high conductivity copper and FeSi steel presenting materials with middle and high stacking fault energy, respectively. Both materials have been previously investigated, however mainly considering their material properties. In this study, oxygen free high conductivity Cu was processed by 13 passes through equal channel angular rolling which belongs to the severe plastic deformations group of methods. The rolling of FeSi steel at ambient and cryogenic temperatures was performed using a laboratory duo rolling mill, samples were rolled only by one pass. The aim of this study was to insert the strain to the materials with different stacking fault energy (middle and high) under ambient and cryogenic thermal conditions, respectively, and subsequently to observe the influence of stored energy on structural recovery of materials through differential scanning calorimetry method. This study implies that the recovery process characterized by the mobility of structural defects begins earlier for FeSi steel compared to oxygen free high conductivity Cu.
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