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Mycosteroles — characteristics and biological iMportance

100%

SUŁKOWSKA-ZIAJA K., HAŁASZUK P., MASTEJ M., PIECHACZEK M., MUSZYŃSKA B.

A group of natural sterols isolated from mushrooms are mycosterols, of which derivatives the most interesting is ergosterol (5,7,22-ergostatrien-3β-ol) and its peroxide, which are presented in the fruiting bodies of most of the representatives of the Basidiomycota taxon. Mushroom sterols are synthesized in a similar way, but the reaction sequence, which is squalene metabolism and the stereochemistry of the major products are different. As with many derivatives of isoprene, the basic unit of the synthesis of sterols is isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which in turn is synthesized from acetyl-CoA by alternately pass away of mevalonic acid. Mycosteroles, they are considered beneficial compounds that have health promoting effects. It has been proven their ability to lower serum cholesterol, may also be effective in the prevention of certain types of cancer. Ergosterol, which is common in mushrooms, as peroxidation products thereof, also exhibits many beneficial effects. It may have the potential health benefits and influence on the improvement of essential physiological functions of human body, including reduced pain associated with the activity of inflammation, reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease, inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) and lowering cholesterol levels. It also has antioxidant properties and inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria.

Biological function of carotenoids and their occurrence in the fruiting bodies of mushrooms

88%

Muszyńska B., MASTEJ M., SUŁKOWSKA – ZIAJA K.

Medicina Internacia Revuo

2016

vol. 27

issue 107

113-122

Due to the valuable properties of carotenoidsthe interest in new methods of obtaining them is still increasing. For this purpose, since the 60s of the twentieth century, scientists conducted numerous studies to recognize the processes in which carotenoids could be produced . Carotenoids, revealing a strong antioxidant activity, act as free radical scavengers. These compounds can support many beneficial processes such as the stimulation of the immune system, the modulation of intracellular signaling pathways, the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis as well as theregulation of growth factors. Carotenoids were determined by spectrophotometric analysis in the following fungal species: Leucopaxillus giganteus, Sarcodon imbricatus, Lactarius piperatus, Lactarius deliciosus, Agaricus arvensis, Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus romagnesii, Agaricus silvaticus, Agaricus silvicola, Hypholoma fasciculare, Calocybe gambosa, Craterellus cornucopioides, Marasmius oreades. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a UV detector detected β,β-carotene in Agaricus bisporus, Polyporus squamosus, Lepista nuda, Russula delica, Verpa conica, Pleurotus ostreatus and Hypsizgus marmoreus. β-carotene and lycopene were also found in three wild species of edible mushrooms: Leucopaxillus giganteus, Sarcodon imbricatus and Agaricus arvensi. These compounds were isolated in several species of the family Cantharellus as well. One example is Cantharellus cibarius, which contains mainly β,β-carotene and minor amounts of lycopene, α-carotene and other carotenoids, which may be δ – and γ – isomers.

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2 Medicina Internacia Revuo

2 2016

2 MASTEJ M.

1 HAŁASZUK P.

1 MUSZYŃSKA B.

1 Muszyńska B.

1 PIECHACZEK M.

1 SUŁKOWSKA – ZIAJA K.

1 SUŁKOWSKA-ZIAJA K.

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Mycosteroles — characteristics and biological iMportance

Biological function of carotenoids and their occurrence in the fruiting bodies of mushrooms