Today, current problems and pneumonia, gastric ulcers, which can be regarded as an independent disease or as a complication. In this paper we describe the contents of cytokines (CC) in the blood during the early period of experimental pneumonia disease and stomach ulcers. For the experiment, we selected two models of disease: experimental pneumonia (EP) and peptic ulcer (PU). Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 39 male guinea pigs, weighing 180 - 210 g test animals were divided into three groups. The experimental pneumonia caused by the method Shlyapnykova V. N., Solodova T. L., gastric ulcer simulated method Komarov V. I. All guinea pigs carried determine the concentration of cytokines: TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum using ELISA (ELISA) using the kits of the company «Diaclone» (France), according to the enclosed instructions. Digital statistical results processed by using Student's criterion. Results and discussion. In the study of the system EP and cytokines in VHSH found that in the test day of the experiment were as likely changes in the content of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines compared with the group of intact animals Results and discussion, CC proinflammatory IL-6 was found to increase its concentration to 61.1% (r≤0,05) on the fourth day, the eighth day of the disease models, this figure increased by 68.9% (r≤ 0.05) compared with kotrolem. A similar trend was observed from the following cytokines - TNF-α, which is typical of proinflammatory cytokines and other markers of generalized non-specific inflammation. There was increase in this indicator in fourth and eighth days of TNF-α respectively 59.4% (r≤0,05) and 65.6% (r≤0,05) relatively intact group of porpoises. Consequently, studies cytokine profile in serum under conditions established experimental models of diseases increase in the pool of inflammatory CC. Analysis of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 for 4 days and VHSH EP showed its reduction by 22.5% (r≤0,05) when compared to the 1st group of animals experiment. Reduction of the Central Committee observed for 8 days at 31.4% (r≤0,05) compared with control animals. Thus, the study of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) showed increase in proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukins decline, indicating that the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory CC.
IntroductionNursing is a profession of public trust, which, because of the nature of work with another person, is subjected to constant evaluation.Aim Evaluation of the perception of the profession of nurse by the youth of the matura classes.Material and methodsThe study was conducted from February to April 2016 in randomly selected post-gymnasium schools. The questionnaire survey was used for the study.ResultsThe study involved 105 students in the matura classes, among them 77 were women, which constituted 67% and 35 men, which is 33% of the total population studied. Nineteen were 64 of them, 61% of the total, and 41 of them, 39% of the respondents. Research shows that young people consider the profession of Nursing / Nurse to be a profession of interest to such an answer, more than half of the respondents 54.3%. Only 28.6% of respondents consider the profession of nurse to be unattractive. Respondents indicated that the majority of the high school students surveyed were 54 (51.4%) who did not want to work as a nurse / nurse, only 27 (25.7%) of the respondents expressed their willingness to work in the profession, 24 ( 22.9%) people abstained from the answer. The strange fact is that young people in most professions of nurses find it interesting.ConclusionsAccording to junior high school students, the profession of nurse / nurse is an interesting profession. The person who is a future trainee should be qualified; Sense of responsibility, communicativeness, theoretical and practical knowledge. The profession of the nurse of the examined youth is associated with the assistant, assistant doctor.
IntroductionPatient’s confidence is very important in patient – doctor communication. It is very vital when we talk about efficient medical care because it can improve this care significently. It is particularly important for people who can not contact with it easily. Thanks to watching relations between patient and doctor we can get to know the way the patient judges references of the doctor during his professional activities.The aim of the thesisThe aim of these studies was to estimate the level of patient’s confidence after the last medical appointment. The studies were made with the help of Anderson and Dedrick scale. ResultsPatients were satisfied after the appointment when during the examination they could see a telephone and a computer on the desk, medical equipment and other medical things. The doctor was closer than 61 cm from them and patients could not see any physical barriers. During the examination the position of the doctor was open, he used gestures and he was sitting face to face to the patient (angle 180° or 90°). His eyes were at the same level as patient’s eyes. ConclusionsThe ability of proper communication with the patient is a very important element of medical care. However, it is often underestimated. But efficiency of therapy and efficiency of diagnostics depend on these factors.
In the work, we studied the parameters of the psychological and emotional state of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on the background of excessive body weight. Psychological and emotional state studies were conducted using the Patient Health Questionnaire-PHQ-9, questionnaire the hospital scale of anxiety and depression (HADS). A comparison of the frequency of occurrence of anxiety-depressive disorders and the study of the degree of their severity in the patients under study. The study revealed that negative changes in the indicators of psychological and emotional state in patients with type 2 diabetes are six times more likely than in healthy people.
A doctor’s adaptation to medical activity has a great influence on the effectiveness of his professional activity. The objective: to explore individual psychological predictors of the formation of maladaptation states of internship doctors for the development of a system for their diagnosis, correction and psychoprophylaxis. A comprehensive clinical-psychological, psychodiagnostic and clinical-anamnestic examination of 213 internship doctors of the first year of training atKharkovNationalMedicalUniversity, 116 women and 97 men, aged 22-25 years old had been conducted. It had been established that internship doctors are characterized by feelings of internal tension and dissatisfaction, decreased mood, irritability, anxiety, long-term uncertain negative emotions, unmotivated fears, self-doubt, doubts about making decisions, decline in intellectual activityin conjunction with increased exhaustion and withdrawal mercurial attention. We have developed a system of medical and psychological support during the professional training period depending on the type of disadaptation. The psychotherapeutic complex in the internship doctors included the use of rational psychotherapy, autogenous training (psychotonic version of Shogham-Mirovsky), art therapy, progressive muscle relaxation by Jacobson, cognitive-behavioral therapy of Beck, autogenous training in the modification of Lebedinsky - Bortnik, etc. were used. The results of a three-year catamnestic study proved the effectiveness of the proposed system of psychotherapeutic correction of disorders of adaptation, positive dynamics of the mental state was noted, the maladaptive states were reduced; 92.6% of the examined recurrences of the violations of adaptation did not occur.
Background: The objective of the study was to develop the initial assessment of psychometric properties in the Polish version of the Diabetes Attitude Scale (DAS-3P) for a group of people with type 2 diabetes and to determine the impact of the selected sociodemographic and medical factors on the patients’ attitude towards the disease.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 227 people with type 2 diabetes who were treated at the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic and the Endocrinology Clinic of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No 4 in Lublin. The theoretical accuracy was assessed by means of confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis and the method of scale DAS- 3 major axis. The accuracy of the DAS-3 scale was determined by examining the internal test congruity and analysing the value of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The differences between the mean valueswas determined by the t test and the single factor analysis of variance.Results: Following the revision, Cronbach’s alpha internal congruence coefficient reached a = 0.79 for the whole DAS-3P and the normality of the DAS-3P distribution does not deviate significantly from the symmetrical distribution. However,the study showed a statistically important difference (p < 0.05) between gender, place of residence, level of education, need for material support, participation in training and the mean DAS-3P score. The age, the presence of a domestic partner, job activity, BMI, duration of the disease, the treatment method, the concentration level of HbA1C were not of statistical importance (p > 0.05) for the DAS-3P scores.Conclusions: 1.There is a need to continue with the study into the psychometric properties of the DAS-3 scale in the Polish version on a large study population with type 2 diabetes, 2. The survey group of patients with type 2 diabetes shows a positive attitude towards their disease assessed by the DAS-3P, 3. Higher scores in the Diabetes Attitude Scale (DAS-3P) were obtained by males living in the city, with higher education background, in need of material support and participating in training on diabetes.
In the modern education system there are rapid and significant changes that do not by pass the teaching of disciplines in medical universities. Different types of multimedia technologies allow you to model the conditions of learning activities and implement them in the form of various training exercises. Each of these types contributes to a more rational activity of the teacher at certain stages of the educational process, expands opportunities, intensifying the pedagogical process as a whole. Technological novelties help to activate self-motivation of students, their creative thinking, independence and the desire to comprehensively obtain and assimilate information, stimulate curiosity and interest in scientific activity.
Background. State of physical performance is one of the attributes of quality of life and the criterion of the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation. Prominent among the methods of rehabilitation takes balneotherapy. Data on the effect of rehabilitation in Truskavets’ spa resort on the physical performance of different groups of patients ambiguous. In a previous study we found a number of positive and negative actotropic factors. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of balneotherapy at resort Truskavets on physical performance and clarify some its mechanisms. Materials and methods. The object of observation were 29 women (average age 45 years with a range of 29-61 years) suffering from chronic cholecystitis in remission who arrived at spa Truskavets’ (Ukraine) for rehabilitation. Physical performance evaluated by veloergometry. State of central hemodynamics investigated by echocardiography. Plasma levels of hormones determined by ELISA, electrolytes by methods reflometry and spectrophotometry. Results. Ascertained increase physical performance in 48% of women, the lack of significant change in 24% and decrease in 28%. Found that changes in physical performance are accompanied concordance changes in aldosteronemia, sodium level in erythrocytes, calciumemia, enddiastolic volume of left ventricule, blood pressure and general peripheral vascular resistance while opposing changes in phosphatemia, magniumemia, activity of Na,K-ATPase of red blood cells and body mass. Conclusion. Multivariate effects of balneotherapy on physical performance due multivariate effects on electrolytes exchange and central hemodynamics.
Aim: The comparison the level of aggression of women and men in the judo population, against the background of the average aggression of the Polish societyMaterial and Methods: A group of 77 former and still practicing judokas (30 women and 47 men) were tested using a questionnaire to determine the aggression level of "Aggression Questionnaire" Buss, Perry, Amity Institute in Polish adaptation.Results: Women had lower levels of physical aggression than men. Reduced feelings of hostility among women and men made the judo environment different from the average Polish population.Conclusions: Only the lower level of physical aggression in women is discriminating against the judo environment. The lower level of sense of hostility is a significant distinctive for the entire judo community.
Functioning of the skin with age leads to its changes under which the condition of the dermis fibers deteriorates, which affects the appearance of the person and causes a number of consecutive pathological processes in the skin deeper layers. The development of methods for the prevention and treatment of age-related involuntary changes in the skin, enhancement of repair processes in its various layers is relevant and has a scientific and practical significance. Morphological studies of rabbits skin after the exogenous hyaluronic acid (HA) administration in various concentrations were performed. Studies have shown that when HA various concentrations are injected intradermally into rabbits, the increase in the formation of connective tissue fibers in the dermis is manifested with an increase of HA concentration. An increase in the HA concentration in the compounds promotes an increase in the degree of compaction of the dermis of rabbits. Lower HA concentration (1.4% and 2%) after single administration causes stimulation of the processes inside the skin at earlier time (2 weeks), and a concentration of 4% - is more active at a later time (8 weeks). We can assume a connection between the HA concentration and the time of the manifestation of the most pronounced morphological changes in the skin. It is likely that the stimulating effect of HA is manifested when the optimal physiological concentration is reached. The obtained data are in favor of further studies of the influence of the concentration of exogenous HA on the processes of skin biorevitalization.
Introduction. Fear of death is the fear of ending one’s own existence. While a man grows up he/she is aware that his/her life will be ended with death. Nevertheless, the awareness does not reduce the fear. An individual can see, hear, experience. He/she is surrounded by loved people, is determined in pursuin his/her goals and death ends it all, it is the absolete end. Therefore, everyone is more or less affraid of it.Aim. The aim of the study is to verify if there are any differences in the level of fear of death among chosen age groups. What affects and conditions them.Materials and methods. The study involved 60 men divided on two age groups. The first one were 30 men in their early adulthood aged 23 – 28. The secong one were 30 men in their late adulthood aged 60 and more. The research tools were two questionnaires FTVS – Fear of death and dying inventory by R. Oschmann and NEO-PI-R Five Factor Model (FFM).Results. Men in their early and late adulthood experience fear of death in similar manner, fear of facing death, fear of mortality, fear of ending one’s existence, fear of physical destruction, fear of live after death and fear of dying proces. Personal characteristics relate with fear of death differently in gropus of men in early and late adulthood.Keywords: fear, personality, death,
Introduction. Suicide is a serious problem globally. More and more people are dying because of taking their lives. This tragic act is an expression of helplessness and loneliness of a man who did not receive help in a timely manner. Suicide is a process of intertwined thoughts and deeds. This process lasts for several weeks to several months or even years, and the sequence of reactions taking place during that time is called suicidal behavior. This process can be interrupted at any time through crisis intervention saving human life.Aim. The aim of this work is to analyze the suicidal crisis and the phenomenon of suicide, as well as to familiarize the reader with risk factors that may indicate the possibility of committing suicide. Moreover, the aim of the work is to present effective crisis intervention to people threatened with a suicidal act.Summary. Human life is the most important value. Each saved life is a great success for both the suicide, his relatives and the whole society. That is why prevention and education are so important. If the society is sensitive to risk factors that may indicate a threat of committing suicide, it will be able to react at the right time by helping a person who is in a suicidal crisis.
The problem of the development concerns green areas of the city of Bydgoszcz. It determines the extent to which the urban greenery and its functioning in the city pursue the principles of sustainable development. The paper identifies the influence of urban green on important elements of urban life, ie on the society, microclimate and biodiversity of Bydgoszcz.
In the general-somatic network there is a steady increase in the number of patients with psychosomatic disorders. Problems of providing adequate psychiatric and psychotherapeutic assistance to this category of patients are related to the motivation of patients to participate in psychological measures and the readiness of the medical system to provide comprehensive care on the basis of the biopsychosocial approach. Mental factors are involved both in the occurrence and course of a metabolic syndrome in the form of a patient's lifestyle and behavior patterns of healthy functioning, and is a consequence of somatic pathology. Mental factors are involved both in the occurrence and course of a metabolic syndrome in the form of a patient's lifestyle and behavior patterns of healthy functioning, and is a consequence of somatic pathology. So mental disorders of metabolic syndrome are manifested in the form of psychosocial maladaptation, neurotic, affective, personality, and organic disorders. Desynchronosis which is a factor of the development of a metabolic syndrome and characterizes the complex chronobiological component of the regulation of psychophysiological functions in norm and under the influence of stress, deserves special attention.Addressing the diagnosis of mental disorders associated with metabolic syndrome is precisely aimed at determining chronobiological disorders of psychosomatic integrated areas and is supposed to improve diagnostic and treatment process and to shorten the treatment of these disorders.