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EN
The synthetic ZnAl_2O_4 spinels doped with Cr^{3+} ions are prepared from ZnSO_4, Al_2(SO_4)_3, and Cr_2(SO_4)_3. The spinel single phase is detected from X-ray diffraction. Luminescence properties of Cr^{3+} in ZnAl_2O_4 were studied by low temperature luminescence and decay measurements. Four luminescence lines at 14570, 14520, 14460, and 14330 cm^{-1} were found to originate from structure distortion and the line at 14175 cm^{-1} - from chromium pairs. The broad emission band at about 13540 cm^{-1} is considered to arise from a new Cr^{3+} center in ZnCr_2O_4.
EN
It is well known that from the two fundamental thermodynamic parameters pressure p is much more efficient in transformation of the matter state than temperature T. Optical breakdown in a form of microexplosion proved to be a simple, cheap, and efficient source of transient extreme pressure and temperature. Our interest is focused on the breakdown performed with femstosecond laser pulses both on a surface and in the bulk of material. The paper delivers some examples of the transformation effects observed mostly in the transparent dielectrics under irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses.
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