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Fauna gleby a procesy mineralizacji i akumulacji materii organicznej

100%

Kajak A.

Kosmos

2003

vol. 52

issue 2-3

341-355

Summary The paper presents results of investigations done in forest and grassland soils on: 1) the density control, 2) changes in soil fauna and soil processes as a consequence of management (NPK fertilizing, fen drainage) and 3) results of the field experiments on the influence of soil fauna on organic matter mineralization and storage in soil. Ad. 1. In the first decade, mainly interactions among predatory macroarthropods were studied. The results showed that the mobility of populations is a regulatory factor of the density and production of soil communities, and that activity-density of particular trophic groups reflects precisely their successional trends in ecosystems. The competition for food is the most important in soil communities. The dominant species, belonging as a rule to the group of eurytopic species play the main role as the regulating factor in the community. The impact of these species on the density and mobility of other community components is more important than changes in environmental conditions. Ad 2. The studies on the influence of management on ecosystems were included in the broad programmes in which many specialists from varied scientific disciplines (pedology, plant and animal ecology, climatology) were involved. The result points to the decrease in the species diversity and to the diminishing size of organisms as important effects of management intensification. Ad 3. Field exclusion experiments were carried out in mesocosms to analyse the role of epigeic, mobile macroarthropod predators in decomposition processes. The results suggest that predators reduced the numbers of mainly fungivorous mesofauna. As a consequence proportions between bacteria and fungi were changed, one of the possible consequences is the higher organic matter storage in the mesocosms accessible for predators.

Rola mezo- i makrofauny w funkcjonowaniu gleby

51%

Wojewoda D., Kajak A., Szanser M.

Kosmos

2002

vol. 51

issue 1

105-114

Summary In the last decade soil invertebrates are considered as "webmasters" in terrestrial ecosystems. It was found that interactions between soil faunal and microbial communities are extremely important for decomposition rate and nutrient cycling. The impact of soil invertebrates on soil structure is so significant, that they are reckoned as ecosystem engineers. Groups of invertebrates of relatively large size (mesoand macrofauna) stimulate humification of organic matter. It was found that drastic decrease in the density of soil fauna, as a result of intensive agriculture causes decrease in soil fertility. Our article focuses mainly on the role of arthropods and enchytraeids, basing on literature and our own studies. The role of earthworms has been omitted in our considerations because it has been well known and appreciated. The investigations indicate, however, the importance of the other taxa of soil fauna, especially in habitats too dry, too wet or too often disturbed, where the number of earthworms is low. The knowledge of the importance of particular groups of fauna has considerably widened recently. Many experiments, consisting in elimination or enrichment of a system with selected groups of fauna, and the influence of such changes on soil processes, have been made. The interdisciplinary research on the role of soil fauna and microflora are strongly recommended.

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Fauna gleby a procesy mineralizacji i akumulacji materii organicznej

Rola mezo- i makrofauny w funkcjonowaniu gleby