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Anaerobic Power across Adolescence in Soccer Players

100%
Nikolaïdis P.
Human Movement
|
2011
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vol. 12
|
issue 4
342-347
EN
Purpose. Although the contribution of anaerobic power in soccer performance is recognized, this component of physical fitness is not well-studied in adolescent players. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of anaerobic power across adolescence in a laboratory setting. Methods. Male adolescents (N = 217; aged 12.01-20.98 y), classified into nine one-year age-groups, and adult players (as the control group, N = 29; aged 21.01-31.59 y), who were all members of competitive soccer clubs, performed the 30-s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) against a braking force of 0.075 Kg · Kg-1 of body mass. Results. Compared with previous age-matched studies on the general population, the participants exhibited superior WAnT scores. The Pearson moment correlation coefficient between age and peak power (Ppeak) was r = 0.71 (p < 0.001) and between age and mean power (Pmean) r = 0.75 (p < 0.001). Even when body mass or fat free mass was taken into account, the effect of age on these parameters remained (0.51 < r < 0.55, p < 0.001). One-way analysis of variance revealed differences in anaerobic power between the age groups across adolescence (p < 0.001), with the adult and age groups in the higher spectrum of adolescence performing better than those in the lower spectrum, supporting the aforementioned findings. Conclusions. We confirmed the importance of short-term power in adolescent soccer players, as well as the strong association between this sport-related physical fitness parameter and body mass and fat free mass (0.89 < r < 0.94, p < 0.001). However, what is novel is that we demonstrated that age effect on Ppeak and Pmean remained even when body mass and fat free mass were factored out.
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Association between submaximal and maximal measures of aerobic power in female adolescents

100%
Nikolaïdis P.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
|
2011
|
vol. 3
106-110
EN
Study aim: To examine the association between two submaximal (physical working capacity at a heart rate of 170 (PWC170) on cycle ergometer test and YMCA Step Test) and maximal measures (maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)) of aerobic power, as well as to study the repeatability of the aforementioned submaximal measures in physically active female adolescents.Material and methods: Ten female adolescents, aged 13.4 ± 0.7 years old, all members of a local track and field sport club, performed the PWC170 and YMCA Step Test twice. The tests were separated by an interval of one week. During the second laboratory visit, VO2max was measured during a graded exercise test.Results: Considering the repeatability of submaximal measures, intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.89 (95% CI 0.55-0.97) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.65-0.98) in absolute and relative to body mass values of PWC170, while it was 0.69 (95% CI -0.27-0.92) with regard to heart rate at the end of step test and 0.78 (95% CI 0.11-0.95) at the end of the first minute of recovery after step test. PWC170 was associated significantly with VO2max in absolute values (r = 0.65, p = 0.04), but not with VO2max relative to body mass values (r = 0.44, p = 0.20). The corresponding relationships between relative PWC170 and VO2max were r = 0.39 (p = 0.27) and r = 0.60 (p = 0.06). Heart rate at the end of the step test was non-significantly related to VO2max in both absolute and relative values (r = -0.53, p = 0.12 and r = -0.61, p = 0.06), whereas respective values of heart rate at the end of the first minute after step test were r = -0.72 (p = 0.02) and r = -0.69 (p = 0.03).Conclusion: These submaximal measures appeared to be valid and reliable, and they were recommended for further use in similar population with the assumption that a familiarization session was preceded.
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Age-Related Differences of Hamstring Flexibility in Male Soccer Players

100%
Nikolaïdis P.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
|
2012
|
vol. 4
|
issue 2
110-115
EN
Background: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between age and hamstring flexibility of male soccer players and to provide reference data.Material/Methods: The study comprised 698 male subjects. The largest group consisted of male adolescents (n = 597; aged 10-22 years, yrs), further subdivided into six two-year age groups; the other two groups being children (n = 21, younger than 10 yrs) and adult players (n = 80; older than 22 yrs). All of those who participated in our study were members of competitive soccer clubs. They were examined for anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and performed the sit-and-reach test (SAR).Results: An analysis of variance revealed significant differences between age groups with respect to SAR (F7,690 = 17.62, p<0.001, η2 = 0.15). Our findings indicated that the older the age group, the higher the SAR (e.g. 16.6±5.1 cm in the children's group, 20.7±7.5 cm in the under-16-yr-old group and 24.7±6.9 cm in the adult group). This result came in agreement with the significant and moderate correlation coefficient between age and SAR (r = 0.33, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Although the cross-sectional design did not allow inferring a causal relationship between age and hamstring flexibility, it is reasonable to suppose that there are small gains in flexibility with development. Compared with previous findings, soccer players had similar values to the general population.
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