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Competitor - an offender or victim of doping control as viewed by young athletes

100%
Mroczkowska H.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 2
89-92
EN
Study aim: To evaluate the perception of motivations and responsibility for doping abuse by young athletes.Material and methods: A group of male volleyball players (n = 44) and of female combat athletes (n = 26), all aged 15 - 17 years and having 4 - 8 years of training experience, were studied. By applying questionnaire technique, two issues were studied: responsibility of the athlete and of the coach/medical team, and the motivations of doping abuse.Results: Young athletes decidedly declined to pronounce either side not guilty of doping abuse, the male subjects being more critical and severe than the female ones. All of them attributed doping abuse to exaggerated ambitions of athletes and, to a much lesser extent to the pressure of sport environment.Conclusions: The results enable a better understanding of psychological mechanisms of giving in to the temptation of doping abuse and, thus, may help preventing it.
2
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Perception of doping-related risks by junior and senior athletes

100%
Mroczkowska H.
|
EN
Study aim: To assess the degree of acceptance of risk by experienced and inexperienced athletes. Material and methods: Two male teams participated in the study: juniors (football; n = 9) aged 16 - 18 years and seniors (volleyball; n = 13) aged 20 - 32 years. The subjects were requested to assess the doping-related risk of losing every of 6 values: health, medals, ranking position, physical attractiveness, psycho-emotional balance, bonuses and respect of personages, in three modes: importance of losing given value (scale 1 - 6), general likelihood of a doping-related loss of given value (scale 0 - 100) and the doping-related risk of losing given value the subject would be ready to take (scale 0 - 100).Results: Seniors and juniors rated the importance of individual values and the doping-related general likelihood of losing them alike. As compared with senior athletes, the junior ones significantly underrated the risk of losing health and respect and overrated that of possible bonus.Conclusions: The emotional, cognitive and social maturation of young athletes throughout a decade have an impact on perceiving doping-related risks and the associated decisions.
3
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Perception of Risks Associated with the Doping Use Among the Competitors Practicing Individual and Group Sport Disciplines

100%
Mroczkowska H.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2011
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vol. 18
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issue 2
122-127
EN
Introduction. The aim of this study was the research among athletes whether and to what extent the sport discipline practiced (individual or team competition) influences the perception of risk associated with the use of doping in sport, and whether age and experience translates into the sports perception of the risks of doping. Material and methods. Three groups of athletes diverse was studied because of the nature of the sport task and the experience/time of practice. Individual disciplines were represented by combat sports (n=12, average time of practice ~6 years), group games by football players (n=9, average time of practice ~7 years) and volleyball players (n=13, average time of practice ~14 years.) The technique "Perception of risk of doping" was used to measure: a) the ranking of values that one can afford to lose in consequences of doping; b) the real probability of losing cherished values; c) personally acceptable level of risk associated with loss of value. Results. It was shown that young players who are members of the team are less mature and aware of the risks associated with the use of doping, not only from their older colleagues in the team, but also from their peers, competing individually. In the perception of young players there were both errors in risk assessment (distortion of losses) as well as illusions relating to the control of hazards, and unrealistic optimism about the possibility of avoiding the negative effects of doping. For mature players, the fear of losing public image has proven to be a strong deterrent against the temptation to use of illegal drugs; for young players, a relatively stronger remedy was the fear of losing the attributes of health and physical attractiveness. Conclusion. Due to the small size of the groups, these findings are suggestions that may serve as an inspiration for research on the wider population.
4
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Czy cechy osobowości i aktualny status hormonalny determinuje w przyszłości osiągnięcia sportowe łuczników i łuczniczek?

63%
Obmiński Z., Mroczkowska H.
Polish Journal of Sports Medicine
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2020
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vol. 36(2)
57-64
PL
Wstęp. Celem naszego badania było poszukiwanie możliwych relacji między wybranymi cechami osobowości a obecnym stanem hormonalnym we krwi (kortyzol i testosteron) wśród młodych łuczników i łuczniczek płci w podobnym średnim wieku (~ 16,4 lat) i ich osiągnięciach sportowych (SA) w przyszłości. Materiał i metody. Poranne stężenie kortyzolu we krwi (C) i testosteronu (T) oraz wybrane cechy osobowości określono u 19 łuczników i 19 łuczniczek. 16 lat po tym badaniu zebrane wcześniej dane zostały przeanalizowane w odniesieniu do (SA) wyrażonych ocenę numeryczną do zakończenia kariery. Wyniki. Nie było istotnych między-płciowych w wynikach: lęku jako cechy (An), neurotyczności (Ne), ekstrawersji (Ex), żwawości (Br), perseweratywności (Pe), wrażliwości sensorycznej (SS), reaktywności emocjonalnej (ER), wytrzymałości (En), aktywności (Ac) i C. U kobiet An, Ne i ER dodatnio korelują z SA. U mężczyzn SA nie zależał od jakiejkolwiek cechy osobowości, podczas gdy T ujemnie korelował z An i Ne a dodatnio z Br. Wnioski. U młodych łuczników nie ma znaczących różnic w cechach osobowości związanych z płcią, ale ta teza ma ograniczoną wartość ze względu na małą wielkość próbki. Zakładając, że u młodych sportowców osobowość nie jest zbyt stabilna, zaleca się krótkoterminowe rokowanie dotyczące osiągnięć sportowych w przyszłości.
EN
Background. The intent of our study was to seek possible relationships between selected personality traits and the current hormonal status in blood (cortisol and testosterone) among young male and female archers of similar average age (~16.4 years) and their sport achievements (SA) in a future. Material and methods. Morning blood cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) levels and selected personality traits were determined in19 male and 19 female archers. 16 years after the study the data were analyzed with regards to the (SA) expressed by numerical rating and achieved until the end of their career. Results. There were no significant differences between the males and females in scores of examined: trait anxiety (An), neuroticism (Ne), extraversion (Ex), briskness (Br), perseveration (Pe), sensory sensitivity (SS), emotional reactivity (ER), endurance (En), activity (Ac) and C. In females An, Ne and ER correlated positively SA. In males SA was independent on any personality trait, while T correlated negatively with An and Ne and positively with briskness. Conclusions. In young archers there is no significant sex-related differences in personality traits, but this thesis is of limited value because of small sample size. Assuming that in young athletes the personality is not very stable, there are recommended short-term prognosis regarding sport achievements.
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