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Antibiogram of Bacteria Associated with Pig Feeds Sold in Ihitte/Uboma, Imo State, Nigeria

100%
Ikechukwu U. C., Chijioke U. J., Remmy-Martins A. C., Onyekachi I. C.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2025
|
vol. 59
430-440
EN
This study investigated antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with pig feeds sold in Ihitte/Uboma, focusing on their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Total of five feed samples were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 4.0×104 to 1.6×105, while total coliform counts ranged from 4.0×104 to 1.0×105. Identified bacterial isolates included Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella spp., with varying frequencies. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance patterns, notably with E. coli resistant to nitrofurantoin and gentamicin, and S. aureus resistant to gentamicin and ofloxacin. In contrast, Klebsiella spp. were sensitive to all tested antibiotics. These findings underscore the growing issue of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the food chain, driven by antibiotic misuse. In conclusion, the study recommends stricter regulations on antibiotic use, promotion of alternative growth-enhancers like probiotics, and routine surveillance of antimicrobial resistance trends to safeguard food and public health.
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Suitability study of locally sourced surfactants for chemical enhanced oil recovery

76%
Onyemerem C. T., Chukwuebuka D., Kerunwa A., Egeolu V. C., Onyekachi I. C., Ajayi M. A., Iyk-Onumah I. D.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2025
|
vol. 59
122-141
EN
The need for this project is centred around economic issues encountered during production operations of oil and gas. The need to recover more oil after the reservoir’s natural energy is depleted lead to enhanced oil recovery methods. During enhanced oil recovery using surfactants, the cost of surfactants has also become as issue thus the need to use locally available materials to synthesize formulas good enough to replicate the work of these conventional surfactants. In this study, suitability evaluation was conducted on locally sourced surfactants for chemical enhanced oil recovery. The local materials were as follows: local bar soap (LBS), a blend of aloe vera extract and almond leave extract (AVALE) while sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) was utilised as conventional surfactant. Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), critical micelle concentration (CMC), adsorption tests and core flooding was carried out on both the local and conventional surfactants. From the result of the FTIR study, LBS, AVALE recorded similar functional groups with SLS. From the CMC tests, SLS and AVALE recorded its CMC at 0.5%wt while the LBS was at 0.75%wt. From the adsorption test results, AVALE recorded its best rate at 0.75%wt, LBS at 0.25%wt while SLS was at 0.75%wt. After core flooding, SLS the conventional surfactant returned as the best surfactant with a peak displacement efficiency of 64.29% while LBS returned as the best alternative at 62.5%. AVALE blend returned a displacement efficiency of 60%.
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