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1

Dopamine receptors: structure, characterization and functions

100%
Zawilska J. B.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
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vol. 57
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issue 3
293-322
EN
Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter/neuromodulator that plays various functions within the body. In the central nervous system, DA is involved in the control of locomotion, cognition, emotion, neuroendocrine secretion and function of retinal cells. In the periphery, DA participates in the regulation of homeostasis, vascular tone and hormone secretion. The diverse physiological functions of DA are mediated by at least five distinct membrane bound receptors, i.e. D1 and D5 -members of D1 family, and D2, D3, D4 ? members of D2 family of DA receptors. All DA receptors belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. This survey summarizes current knowledge on the molecular and pharmacological characterization of DA receptors, their role in the regulation of various processes in an organism, and involvement in the therapy of several disorders, in particular in the treatment of Parkinson?s disease, schizophrenia, and hypertension.
2
Content available remote

Melatonin as a chemical indicator of environmental light-dark cycle

100%
Zawilska J. B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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vol. 56
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issue 3
757-767
EN
Melatonin is an evolutionary highly conserved molecule that plays an important role in conveying the clock and calender information to all living organisms, including man.Melatonin is synthesized in the rhythmic fashion, primarily by the pineal gland, and to a lesser degree, by extrapineal tissues - namely the retina, the Harderian gland, and the gastrointestinal tract.The rhythm of the hormone production, with maximal levels occuring at night in darkness, is generated by an endogenous circadian clock(s) and is synchronized with the photoperiodic environment to which animals are exposed.This brief outline surveys data on the regulation of rhythmic melatonin biosynthesis by a circadian pacemaker and light.Additionally, possible applications of this chronobiotic compound in agriculture and in medicine in the treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders are discussed.
3
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Evidence for a D4 dopamine receptor decreasing serotonin N-acetyltransferese activity in chick retina

63%
Zawilska J. B., Nowak J. Z.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1993
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vol. 53
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issue 3
473-474
EN
In verebrate retina melatonim (MEL) level and activity of serotonim N-acetyltransferase (NAT; a key regulatory enzyme in MEL biosynthetic pathway) fluctuate with a light-dependent circadian rhythm, with peak values at night. The nocturnal increase of MEL synthesis is dramatically suppressed by acute exposure of animals to light. Experimental evidence suggest that the inhibitory effect of light on the MEL-generating system in retina is mediated. at least partially, by dopamine (DA) acting on D2-like DA receptors (2,3). In this work we verified a subtype of DA receptors regulating NAT activity in the retina of chick.
4
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Biphasic effect of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK 801 on the nocturnal NAT activity in chick retina

51%
Zawilska J. B., Rosiak J., Nowak J. Z., Jenek J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1997
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vol. 57
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issue 2
163
5
Content available remote

Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on cyclic AMP formation in the duck and goose brain

51%
Nowak J. Z., Kuba K., Zawilska J. B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2000
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vol. 60
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issue 2
209-214
EN
Two molecular forms of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), i.e., PACAP27 and PACAP38 (0.0001-1 muM), as well as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP; 0.1-3 muM), have been studied for their effects on cyclic AMP formation in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of duck and goose. All three peptides concentration-dependently stimulated cyclic AMP production in the tested brain regions of 2-3-weeks-old (young) ducks, with VIP showing at least one order of magnitude weaker activity than PACAP. This characteristics suggests the existence in the duck's brain of adenylyl cyclase-linked PAC1 receptors. Both forms of PACAP also stimulated the nucleotide formation in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of 5-6-months-old (adult) ducks or geese grown under natural environment. The peptides-evoked effects in adult and young ducks were comparable, and clearly greater than those found in adult geese. The present data extend our recent observations made on chicks, and suggest PACAP to be a potent stimulator of the cyclic AMP generation in the avian central nervous system.
6
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D2-Dopamine receptor-mediated stimulation of inositol triphosphate formation in chick retina

51%
Zawilska J. B., Krzemieniewska B., Orszulak-Michalak D., Nowak J. Z.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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vol. 56
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issue 4
961
7
Content available remote

The presence of histamine and tele-methylhistamine in the pineal gland of chick

39%
Zawilska J. B., Woldan-Tambor A., Sek B., Orszulak-Michalak D., Mackova M., Nowak J. Z.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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vol. 56
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issue 3
691-695
EN
The levels of histamine (HA) and tele-methylhistamine (t-MeHA) in the pineal gland of chick were measured by RIA and two time points, i.e. at the end of the light (L) phase and in the middle of the dark (D) phase of 12h :12h L:D cycle.The chick pineal gland showed high HA levels.The t-MeHA content of chick pineal gland was about 20-times lower than HA levelAn aminoacid precursor of HA, L-histidine given to chicks during L or D significantly increased both HA and t-MeHA content of pineal gland.The L-histidine-evoked elevations in HA level were 2-4 times higher than changes in t-MeHA content.Enzymatic study showed the presence of chick pineal gland of a moderate activity of L-histidine decarboxylase, and well expressed activity of HA-methyltransferase, HA synthetizing and inactivating enzyme, respectively, which suggest that both HA and t-MeHA may be produced within the gland.It is suggested that the metabolic dynamics of the pineal HA may be higher during lighthours than darkhours of the daily light:dark illumination cycle.
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