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EN
Numerous municipal waterworks face the problem of increaseng concentration of nitrates in surface and ground waters.At present, it is possible to reduce these nitrate concentrations to the European Ciommunity, the World Health Organization and Polish permitted standards of 10-25 mg/square dm by missing groung waters with the water from sources with low nitrate concentration.In this case withoput such option, a reliable and cost-effective process for the separation must be applied.Ion exchange and biological denitrification processes are offered as a solution to the problem.Membrane processes as well as ultrafiltration combined with biodegradation and nonfiltration combined with ion exchange or reverse osmosis can be more effective than classical solutions, as far as the technical and economic aspectsvare concerned.The paper presents applications of membrane processes in the denitrification of drinking water.
EN
The paper presents results of the microbiological research on the biological membrane of anaerobic packed-bed reactors (including pathogens) and post-culture effluent in the cultures of denitrifying bacteria in the medium containing: nitrates from ground water and ethanol, sodium acetate or methanol in the hybrid system biological denitrification-ultrafiltration. First, the most effective and safe source of carbon and energy in the cultures of denitrifying bacteria was determined, and subsequently, the post-culture effluent was subjected to ultrafiltration. Methanol has proved to be the most effective source of carbon. Pathogenic bacteria and bacteria which reduce sulphates have not been found in this culture.
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