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Middle ear myoclonus syndrome – a literature review

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Żyżyńska K., Grycner K., Tretiakow D., Skorek A.

Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny

2025

vol. 14

issue 1

1-5

Introduction: The middle ear myoclonus (MEM) syndrome is a rare condition caused by contraction of the tympanic muscles, specifically the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles. The etiology of MEM is unknown. Patients with this condition account for approximately 1.5% of the entire population of patients presenting with objective tinnitus. MEM syndrome is diagnosed on the basis of precise, differential diagnosis to exclude other pathologies. Aim: The aim of the article was to present the issues of the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of MEM syndrome. Material and method: A literature review was carried out on the basis of entries retrieved from the Scopus and PubMED databases using the keys: “middle ear myoclonus”, “stapedius muscle myoclonus”, “stapedial myoclonus”, “tensor tympani syndrome”. Conclusions: The MEM syndrome should be taken into account in differential diagnosis of tinnitus, especially in patients who do not experience any improvement following conventional treatment. Correct diagnosis and properly selected treatment significantly improve the quality of life of patients with MEM syndrome.

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1 Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny

1 2025

1 Grycner K.

1 Skorek A.

1 Tretiakow D.

1 Żyżyńska K.

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Middle ear myoclonus syndrome – a literature review