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THE POWER OF SELF-DECEPTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTION TO THE COVID-19 THREAT

100%
Kaczmarek B. L. J., Gaś Z. B.
Acta Neuropsychologica
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2021
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vol. 19(3)
319-328
EN
Poland’s inhabitants have often expressed disbelief and negative attitudes toward social isolation, combined with restlessness. This is due to a tendency to discount troubling informa tion while facing the unknown and counter-argue against information that causes discomfort and fear. This tendency helps humans to maintain hope and well-being. The study aimed to determine if Polish citizens tend to downplay or even deny danger when faced with a death threat. The study comprised 58 adults – 46 females 12 males, aged 21 to 49. The participants were asked to answer 12 questions defining their beliefs and attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic threat and its consequences. The subjects gave answers on the 5-point Likert scale, from "definitely not" to "definitely yes". The findings of the present study show that a considerable number of the participants tend to exhibit an optimistic bias. This is reflected in their direct statements and in the lack of congruence of their opinions. They do feel the threat of becoming ill but also seem to believe it need not affect them personally. They are also relatively optimistic about the outcomes of the pandemic. At the same time, they realize that COVID-19 may lead to severe psychological, neurological, and mental disorders. The study confirmed a tendency to deny the threat that can pose a severe risk to health and psychological well-being. This is a manifestation of an optimism bias that has its roots in the way the human brain works. The participants did express concerns about the future but at the same time hoped that life after the pandemic would return to normal. It reflects a benevolent facet of self-deception since it makes it possible to cope with highly threatening and impossible to control events.
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MEDIATING ROLE OF A FIELD OF STUDY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BROAD AUTISM PHENOTYPE AND THE SENSE OF COHERENCE

100%
Panas K. T., Gaś Z. B.
Acta Neuropsychologica
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2021
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vol. 19(4)
459-470
EN
Recent studies reveal a growing number of individuals with the traits of broad autism phenotype who display communication problems and difficulties in establishing interpersonal relations. Studies suggest that BAP traits are more frequent in students of the sciences than in humanities students. Therefore, the present study aimed to establish the mediating role of a field of study in the relationship between BAP and the sense of coherence. The study included 168 students (90 females and 78 males) of science and humanities. We administered the AQ questionnaires (Autism -Spectrum Quotient, Baron-Cohen et al.,, 2001) for adults, the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC - 29, Antonovsky, 1987, 1993). The study confirmed that BAP traits are more expressed in students of science than in students of arts as well as in men than women. Also, relationships between the intensity of BAP traits and comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness were noted, but not between the total sense of coherence. Therefore, we concentrated on evaluating a mediating effect of the field of study and these three dimensions. The positive relationships between BAP meaningfulness and manageability suggest that the appropriate choice of the field of study plays a significant role in finding meaning in life and deve loping an ability to cope with emerging difficulties. Since the field of study is closely linked to the type of work, it might be assumed that the same role is played by a job that makes sense. It explains the frustration of brain-damaged patients at being unable to work. Clinical data show that giving such patients an oppor tunity to be active in any field restores their sense of meaning in life.
3
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Nature of the interactions between work and family satisfaction in women

100%
Markiewicz K., Gaś Z. B.
Acta Neuropsychologica
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2020
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vol. 18(1)
29-44
EN
The aim of the present study was to specify the nature of the relationships between work and marital satisfaction in the women. In addition it aimed at revealing as to whether demographic variables, such as age, position, length of service, marriage duration, and the number of children have an impact upon the work and marital satisfaction in working women. The present study included 120 married, working women, and analyses the relationship between job satisfaction and marital satisfaction, taking into consideration emotional and cognitive factors. The participants were mostly office workers, of whom 20 (8%) occupied management positions. The Descriptions Inventory, Job Affect Scale, Questionnaire of Well-matched Marriage, and a scale of work-job interactions were administered. Significant positive correlations across almost all variables of job and marital satisfaction were observed. This means that the increase of marital satisfaction corresponds with the increase in job satisfaction, although the work/family conflict resulted in experiencing negative emotions at work. Moreover, the level of job satisfaction was higher than the level of family satisfaction. It was also found that the age and time spent at work proved to have a negative impact upon job satisfaction. Work-family facilitation proved to be crucial since its exclusion made the interface between all factors of family satisfaction and work insignificant. At the same time, the managerial women suffered from work/family conflict to a greater degree than did office workers. The study revealed also that the needs of older workers should be taken into account to maintain their work/life balance.
4
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The impact of personality traits and study mode on mental health and stimulant use among university students during Covid-19 pandemic

81%
Markiewicz K., Kaczmarek B. L. J., Gaś Z. B.
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EN
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased feelings of insecurity and anxiety for the health of oneself and those of one’s loved ones, as well as for the future, which has led to an increased level of stress. This has resulted in a tendency to use alcohol and drugs. Studies show that such behaviors are triggered both by external and internal factors. Therefore, the study has looked for interrelations between personality traits, mental state, and learning mode (online versus hybrid) and the frequency of stimulants and tranquilizers consumption in the last 6-12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved 113 university students aged 19-34. Due to pandemic-related limitations, 51.3% of students took online courses, while 48.7% were involved in hybrid learning. The participants were all asked to complete an online questionnaire that included 17 questions regarding mental health, drug and alcohol use. Additionally, the TIPI questionnaire was used to assess personality traits. The study found that online learning as well as feelings of loneliness and emptiness resulted in increased use of alcohol, antidepressants and sleeping pills. On the other hand, personality traits such as extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability helped to limit the use of this type of stimulants. Online learners more often reported deterioration in their mental state, related to difficulties in adapting to pandemic-related conditions. This group was also more likely to use sedatives, sleeping pills, and antidepressants, with a significant difference in means, compared to hybrid students. In contrast, hybrid learners frequently reported a sense of the loss of meaning as well as worrying about the fate of loved ones, thinking back to a situation no longer under their control, and difficulties in making decisions. At the same time, most respondents of this group reported a positive vision of their future and a high sense of responsibility.
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