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EN
Homocysteine is an indirect metabolite of methionine metabolism, as well as of creatinine, and it plays an important role in many biochemical processes. Physical effort modifies homocysteine concentration in the blood, as well as the substances taking part in its metabolism. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of intensive efforts of diverse energy changes on the concentrations of homocysteine and the vitamins involved in its metabolism – vit. B6, vit. B12 and folic acid. In the study athletes performed Wingate and progressive test. Before and after tests homocysteine, vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid and creatinine were assayed. Concentration of homocysteine, vit. B12 and creatinine in the blood increased after both tests. Concentration of vit. B6 decreased and folic acid increased after Wingate test while they did not change after a progressive test. Homocysteine concentration negatively correlated with folic acid but positively with creatinine concentration in the blood, as well as with LBM. Regardless of its duration and energetic changes, intensive effort leads to an increase in homocysteine concentration. Correlation of homocysteine with creatinine and the LBM suggest that people with bigger muscle mass can have higher homocysteine concentration in the blood.
EN
The aim of the study was to asses the influence of the type of rest on football players’ ability to repeat a phosphagen exercise. Twelve football players from the Polish third league were involved in the study and were subjected to a maximum power test on a cycloergometer. Respiratory parameters, lactic acid concentration in capillary blood and acid-base balance parameters were registered before, during and after the test. The test was carried out twice. During the first test the subjects used an active rest break (A) and during the second one they used a passive rest break (B). In part A the quantity of relative work was 87.61 ±9.25 J/kg and in part B it was 78.5 ±6.58 J/kg (p = 0.012). In test A during exertion and during restitution (4th minute) we registered higher values of the respiratory parameters (Rf, VE, VO2, VO2/kg). Our conclusion is that passive rest should be used when the objective is the fastest resynthesis of PCr and ATP. An active rest break should be used when the goal is to remove the accumulated LA as soon as possible.
EN
Small-sided soccer games, i.e. 1v1 are often used in training, which results in a composite influence on the player. Training exercises stimulated in the game allow to master many skills, form habits and modify behaviors associated with solving specific situations during a match. The aim of the study was to assess the intensity of exercise during a 1v1 game for goalkeepers. Eight goalkeepers participated in the experiment (body weight 80.63 ±3.50 kg, body height 184.69 ±3.71 cm, BMI 23.64 ±0.74). All goalkeepers played 1v1 games. During the small-sided game players can use all the goalkeeper techniques to score a goal. During all of the matches, heart rate (HR) was recorded using a sport tester, LA was measured in the second minute after the end of each game. There was also collected data determining subjective assessment of the effort made by the players using Borg scale (RPE). The highest average HR and RPE were recorded in the third match, respectively (192.38 ±8.07 b/min; 14.38 ±2.07), while in the first match the examined parameters were on average 186 ±8.85 b/min; 11.38 ±1.51, and in the second 186.00 ±8.09 b/min; 13.50 ±1.85 respectively. The highest LA level was recorded after the second match and equaled 7.71 ±2.07 mmol/l (7.06 ±3.54 after the first match and 7.5 ±1.37 after the third match). The 1v1 game requires the use of similar to the real game actions, as well as the average exercise intensity is also similar to the scoringopportunity situations and conditions of a match.
EN
The aim of the research was to assess changes in ghrelin, leptin and free fatty acids (FFA) levels in women’s blood after training. The research was carried out in women aged 45.55 ±11.33 years and with the BMI of 26.49 ±4.49. Health training at 50–66% VO2max took place twice a week for 9 months. In the baseline phase and in the 3rd, 6th and 9th month of the training, body mass and composition were measured, cardiorespiratory fitness was checked after a 10-minute exercise test on a cycloergometer, and fasting levels of ghrelin, leptin and FFA in the serum were assayed and 15 minutes after the exercise test. Body mass was reduced in the 6th month of the training. Fasting ghrelin level increased because of training, leptin and FFA decreased. After single 10-minute exercises performed every 3 months level of ghrelin and FFA increased while leptin decreased. An increase in ghrelin level in the blood after the single exercise can be the result of negative energy expenditure. An increase in fasting ghrelin level after training can be one of the adaptive physiological mechanisms connected with energy saving. A mechanism that is switched on as a result of a long-lasting stimulus that leads to energy losses, reduction in body mass and a decrease in leptin level in the blood.
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