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1

Differences in basal DNA damage in blood cells from men and women

100%

Alija A. J., Collins A. R., Dreshaj S., Asllani F., Bajraktari I. D., Bresgen N., Eckl P. M.

Biomonitoring

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2016

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vol. 3

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issue 1

EN

We have recently shown that inhabitants of two polluted areas in Kosovo display more DNA damage (strand breaks in blood cell DNA) than do residents of a cleaner area. Here, we present additional analyses of these data and discuss additional data sets from Kosovo. Based on our data as well as the available data from other authors, age and sex-related differences in DNA damage or in susceptibility to DNA-damaging agents in the environment should be carefully considered when designing biomonitoring studies and when carrying out statistical analysis of the data.

2

Cytotoxicity of β-carotene cleavage products and its prevention by antioxidants

100%

Alija A. J., Bresgen N., Bojaxhi E., Vogl C., Siems W., Eckl P. M.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2010

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vol. 57

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issue 2

217-221

EN

When we investigated the genotoxicity of β-carotene cleavage products (CPs) in primary rat hepatocytes stimulated to proliferate, we observed dose-dependent increases of chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei. In contrast to other genotoxic substances, however, this increased genotoxicity was not accompanied by increased cytotoxicity. As a consequence we observed metaphases showing massive chromosomal damage, indicating inhibition of apoptosis by CPs enabling these cells to proceed in the cell cycle. Since proliferative stimulation by growth factors may support this effect, the in vitro toxicological effects of CPs were studied on proliferatively quiescent primary rat hepatocytes. A significant increase of both apoptosis and necrosis was found. Supplementation with antioxidants did not significantly lower the level of apoptosis, while the level of necrosis was significantly reduced by Trolox and N-acetylcysteine at all concentrations tested as well as ascorbic acid (50 µM) and a combination of Trolox (50 µM) and ascorbic acid (50 µM). These observations indicate that a) the cytotoxic potential in combination with the genotoxic potential of CPs may promote the initiation of cells due to compensatory cell division in exposed tissues and may aggravate inflammatory processes under chronic exposure, and b) the applied antioxidants may protect from cytotoxicity primarily via the detoxification of aldehydic β-carotene cleavage products.

3

Atmospheric pollution in Kosovo is associated with increased DNA damage in the human population

100%

Alija A. J., Asllani F., Bajraktari I. D., Collins A. R., Dreshaj S., Bresgen N., Eckl P. M.

Biomonitoring

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2015

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

In order to assess DNA damage associated with exposure to environmental pollution in two polluted sites and one control site in Kosovo, whole blood samples were collected from volunteers in two polluted areas (Kastriot/ Obiliq - lignite-based power plants and lignite mines - and Drenas/Gllogovc - Ferronikeli smelting plant) as well as from Peja, representing an unpolluted area. White blood cells were isolated, and DNA damage was analyzed by the alkaline comet assay. Significantly higher levels of DNA damage (strand breaks) were found in white blood cells from subjects living in the polluted areas compared with residents of the unpolluted city, indicating a potential threat to human health.

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2 Biomonitoring

1 Acta Biochimica Polonica

2 2016

1 2010

3 Alija A. J.

3 Bresgen N.

3 Eckl P. M.

2 Asllani F.

2 Bajraktari I. D.

2 Collins A. R.

2 Dreshaj S.

1 Bojaxhi E.

1 Siems W.

1 Vogl C.

Differences in basal DNA damage in blood cells from men and women

Cytotoxicity of β-carotene cleavage products and its prevention by antioxidants

Atmospheric pollution in Kosovo is associated with increased DNA damage in the human population