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Polish Translation and Validation of the SCHNOS (Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey) Questionnaire

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Jadczak M., Krzywdzińska S., Jurkiewicz D.
Polish Journal of Otolaryngology
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2024
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vol. 78
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issue 4
16-20
EN
Introduction: Rhinoseptoplasty procedures are focused not only on the aesthetic but also on the functional aspects. Surgical outcomes have to be evaluated in each patient. To date, the Polish literature has lacked a tool facilitating simultaneous assessment of rhinoseptoplasty’s impact on both the external appearance and functionality of the nose. Aim: The aim of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate the Polish version of the original SCHNOS (Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey) questionnaire as used for the assessment of the functional and aesthetic outcomes in patients after rhinoplasty. Materials and methods: A total of 31 subjects (N = 24 [77.4%] women and N = 7 men [22.6%]) aged 19 through 55 years (M = 31.32; SD = 8.50) participated in the study. The SCHNOS questionnaire was translated in accordance with international guidelines. The psychometric accuracy of translation was tested in native speakers of Polish. The authors measured the internal consistency, correlatability, and repeatability of the instrument to determine its validity. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of the scale. The satisfactory reliability amounted to 0.888 [95% CI: 0.804–0.940] for the SCHNOS-O and 0.883 [95% CI 0.795–0.937] for the SCHNOS-C scale. Differential accuracy was confirmed by AVE values of > 0.5 as well as by correlation of the results with the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire scores. Conclusions: The SCHNOS questionnaire has been translated, adapted, and validated for use in the Polish-speaking population. The tool was found to be relevant and reliable.
2
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The use and effectiveness of the TRV Chair – a literature review

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Krzywdzińska S., Rozbicki P., Usowski J., Jurkiewicz D.
Polish Journal of Otolaryngology
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2023
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vol. 77
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issue 6
31-36
EN
Introduction: Vertigo is a subjective sensation of swaying, tilting, spinning, instability, or being off-balance [1]. The concept of vertigo is not a precise term due to the possibility of its being related to numerous variable, frequently co-occurring sensations as experienced by the patient. For this reason, diagnosing the origin of vertigo quite frequently poses a serious dilemma for physicians. Dizziness can be of peripheral or central origin. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo and is currently considered to account for about 14–42% of all cases of vertigo, depending on the authors [2–4]. However, this figure may be underestimated due to frequent misdiagnoses. Aim: The aim of this paper is to review the currently available international literature on the use of the TRV chair so as to assess its usefulness and effectiveness in the diagnostics and possibly subsequent treatment of BPPV and its components. Materials and methods: Included in this literature review are peer-reviewed papers authored by various research teams as available in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Results: The TRV chair is helpful in precise diagnosis and subsequent treatment of BPPV subtypes (canalithiasis and cupulolithiasis) as well as in the evaluation of the number of affected canals, as shown in the papers analyzed in this review. Conclusions: The use of TRV in the context of diagnosis and therapy of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo presents with potential for the improvement of diagnostic results, management protocols, and patients’ quality of lives.
3
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Statistical evaluation of patient satisfaction results after open rhinoseptoplasty performed at the Department of Otolaryngology, Military Institute of Medicine – National Research Institute

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Jadczak M., Krzywdzińska S., Jurkiewicz D.
Polish Journal of Otolaryngology
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2024
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vol. 78
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issue 6
34-38
EN
Introduction: In its assumptions, rhinoplasty is intended to improve the aesthetics and restore normal function of the nose. In the Polish literature, a new tool has recently emerged for simultaneous assessment of the impact of rhinoseptoplasty on the external appearance and functionality of the nose. Aim: The aim of this study consisted in the surveying of patients having undergone rhinoplasty procedures using a validated and translated Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) questionnaire and the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire to assess the functional and aesthetic outcomes of rhinoplasty. Materials and methods: A total of 106 subjects (N = 78 [73.6%] women and N = 28 men [26.4%]) aged 18 to 56 years (M = 33.99; SD = 9.77) participated in the study. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The analysis revealed significant differences between the measurements for all analyzed variables (p < 0.001). Statistically significantly lower SCHNOS scores and significantly higher ROE scores were reported in the postoperative assessments, with a strong effect for the difference of means (> 0.5). Conclusions: Properly performed rhinoplasty results in both aesthetic and, most importantly, functional improvement regardless of the patient’s age and gender.
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Comparison Of Surgical Techniques Used In Post-Traumatic And Non-Traumatic Rhinoseptoplasty

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Rot P., Krzywdzińska S., Nicer J., Sobol M., Jurkiewicz D., Jadczak M.
Polish Journal of Otolaryngology
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2024
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vol. 79
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issue 1
12-16
EN
Introduction: The main goals of rhinoseptoplasty are to correct any cosmetic and functional defects which may occur in a patient. As the most prominent facial feature, the nose has an increased risk of injury. A nasal fracture may eventually result in significant defects, posing challenges to the surgeon. Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the techniques used in post-traumatic and non-traumatic cases treated with rhinoplasty. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 227 patients, mean age 37.5 ±11.4 years, median 36 years, age range from 18 to 79 years. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 13.3 package StatSoft (Dell Statistica). Categorical variables are presented as frequencies and percentages. The Chi2 or Fisher’s exact test was used, when the values were less than 5, to check whether there was a correlation between nasal injuries and surgical technique. The level of statistical significance was assumed to be equal to α = 0.05. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the use of five techniques. Septal filtration to the spine (44.1 vs. 10.7%), septal extension graft (5.9 vs. 1.3%), spreader graft (41.1 vs. 21.1%), and osteotomy (85.3 vs. 61.0%) were all performed more often in patients with nasal trauma. On the other hand, a lateral crural (LC) steal was performed significantly more often in patients without nasal trauma (36.5 vs. 22.1%). Conclusions: Nose injuries lead to cosmetic and functional complications and pose a challenge to the rhinoplasty surgeon. Optimal management of a post-traumatic nose injury requires a surgeon to have experience and precise surgical planning.
5
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Patogenesis of tinnitus in patients with post-COVID syndrome – preliminary report

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Rozbicki P., Krzywdzińska S., Kaczmarczyk M., Usowski J., Lubas A., Jurkiewicz D.
Polish Journal of Otolaryngology
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2023
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vol. 77
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issue 6
18-22
EN
Introduction: Similarly to hearing loss and dizziness, tinnitus is a frequently reported complication of COVID-19 and remains the subject of numerous scientific reports. However, the exact impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the pathophysiology of tinnitus observed in post-COVID syndrome remains unclear. One suspected cause behind the development of vestibulocochlear symptoms is the inflammation of neural tissue triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the results of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP) in the context of tinnitus development among patients diagnosed with post-COVID syndrome. Material and methods: This retrospective study involved the analysis of BAEP test results of patients admitted to the Audiology Clinic of the Military Institute of Medicine at the National Research Institute and diagnosed with the post-COVID syndrome. The study compared the average latency values of waves I, II, III, IV, V, and intervals I–III, III–V, I–V. The statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed. Results: Out of 18 patients (9 female, 9 male) with an average age of 54.22 years (±9.65) diagnosed with post-COVID syndrome, tinnitus was identified in 5 individuals (27.78%). A statistically significant increase in wave V latency (5.98 vs. 5.63 [ms]; P < 0.05) and interval III–V (1.99 vs. 1.71 [ms]; P<0.05) was observed between the groups of patients with and without tinnitus. Discussion: Study results analyzing BAEP changes in patients with post-COVID syndrome in the context of tinnitus are insufficient in current literature. The only available report linking post-COVID syndrome with sensorineural hearing loss demonstrated a statistically significant increase in latency values of waves III, V, and an increase in intervals I–III, III–V. Conclusions: Tinnitus in patients suffering from post-COVID syndrome may be related to prolonged conduction of nerve impulses within the brainstem auditory pathway. Detailed pathophysiology of these changes requires further research.
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