The aim of this paper is to present the operating principles and properties of gradient index multimode interference structures made by K^{+}-Na^{+} ion exchange in glass and their basic applications in optoelectronic circuits. The investigations of multimode interference structures were performed applying a method based on the visualization of light distribution in gradient structures, using fluorescence of the substance covering the multimode interference structures section. Basing on the above we present gradient index multimode interference structures applications in splitters and couplers 1× N technology of different configurations.
The paper presents the technology and testing measurements of Mach-Zehnder interferometer made by K^{+}-Na^{+} ion exchange in glass. As a splitter and coupler of measuring and reference arms we used gradient index multimode interference structures in symmetrical configuration. The investigated interferometer, working in asymmetrical configurations, registers the phase shifts resulting from the changes of refractive index of the cover of both interferometer arms.
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