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Screening of nutritional status – characteristics of Nutritional Screening Tools in everyday medical practice

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Jaglarz-Biały K., Kłęk S., Konturek A.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2024
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vol. 97
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issue 1
1-14
EN
Introduction: Malnutrition has been defined by ESPEN as a condition resulting from inadequate absorption or intake of nutrients, leading to changes in body composition, resulting in weakened physical and mental functions, thus worsening prognosis. Proper identification of malnourished or at-risk patients depends on the availability of reliable, simple, and implementable screening tools, as well as medical staff training. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the most commonly used scales for assessing a patient's nutritional status and to indicate differences between them to assist the clinician in selecting the most suitable tool for the patient regarding the clinical situation. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted, and based on this, 10 prognostic scales were selected and compared, paying particular attention to: parameters assessed by each tool, ease of implementation, clinical usefulness, and the target patient population on which the scale was validated. Results: The MNA and SGA can be used for both screening and comprehensive nutritional assessment. GLIM criteria are mainly used for comprehensive nutritional assessment. PG-SGA is a scale particularly dedicated to oncology patients. The MNA most comprehensively assesses the risk factors for malnutrition, especially among the elderly population, who constitute a significant portion of hospitalized patients. Discussion: No universal gold standard exists for nutritional status assessment tools. However, proper utilization of available screening tools can significantly impact patient outcomes. Conclusions and significance of a study: Assessing nutritional status before oncological treatment, implementing nutritional interventions, and providing metabolic support significantly influence treatment outcomes.
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