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Monomeric and gemini surfactants as antimicrobial agents - influence on environmental and reference strains

100%

Koziróg A., Brycki B.

issue 4

879-883

Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) belong to surfactant commonly used both, in the household and in different branches of industry, primarily in the process of cleaning and disinfection. They have several positive features inter alia effectively limiting the development of microorganisms on many surfaces. In the present work, two compounds were used as biocides: hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) that belongs to the gemini surfactant (GS), and its single analogue - dodecyl(trimethyl)ammonium bromide (DTAB). Two fold dilution method was used to determine the minimum concentration of compounds (MIC) which inhibit the growth of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538 and an environmental strain), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 85327 and an environmental strain), and yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 11509 and an environmental strain). The viability of cells in liquid cultures with addition of these substances at ¼ MIC, ½ MIC and MIC concentrations were also determined. The obtained results show that DTAB inhibits the growth of bacteria at the concentration of 0.126-1.010 µM/ml, and gemini surfactant is active at 0.036-0.029 µM/ml. Therefore, GS is active at more than 17-70-fold lower concentrations than its monomeric analogue. Strains isolated from natural environment are less sensitive upon testing biocides than the references strains. Both compounds at the MIC value reduced the number of cells of all strains. The use of too low concentration of biocides can limit the growth of microorganisms, but often only for a short period of time in case of special environmental strains. Later on, they can adapt to adverse environmental conditions and begin to evolve defence mechanisms.

Czy „cichy” polimorfizm pojedynczego nukleotydu (SNP) C1236T genu ABCB1 jest związany z predyspozycją do rozwoju depresji i skutecznością jej leczenia? - badanie wstępne

61%

Jeleń A., Koziróg A., Sałagacka A., Balcerczak E., Talarowska M., Gałecki P.

Folia Medica Lodziensia

2014

vol. 41

issue 1

5-15

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization about 350 million people around the world are affected by depression. Despite the high prevalence of this disease the mechanism of depression origination as well as the causes of the resistance to therapy are still not fully understood. ABCB1 gene encode P glycoprotein which is one of the components of blood-brain barrier. The main function of this protein is the efflux of many toxic compounds, including drugs, which may indicate potential association between the proper functioning of P glycoprotein and the susceptibility to the development of depressive disorders or the failure of antidepressant therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) C1236T of the ABCB1 gene in the group of patients with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) and to estimate the possible association of this polymorphism with the response to antidepressant therapy. Material and methods: C1236T was evaluated in 30 patients with rDD. Genotyping was performed using automated sequencing (the Sanger method). The results were compared with those obtained from the control group which consisted of 96 blood donors from the local blood bank. Results: No statistically significant difference in the frequency of genotypes (p=0.0665) and allele (p=0.1489) for the SNP C1236T of ABCB1 gene was found between the patients with rDD and the control group. No correlation between C1236 and the age when the disease was stated (p=0.0807). Neither the association between genotypes and the severity of depressive symptoms before treatment (p=0.7956) nor the association with effectiveness of the therapy (p=0.2051) were found. Conclusions: On the basis of the results of the preliminary study, C1236T of ABCB1 gene have no influence on the predisposition to rDD, the severity of depressive symptoms and the efficiency of antidepressant therapy have not been stated, either.

Streszczenie Wstęp: Według danych Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia depresja dotyka około 350 milionów osób na całym świecie. Jednak pomimo powszechnego występowania, zarówno etiologia tej choroby, jak i przyczyny oporności na leczenie w dalszym ciągu nie są w pełni poznane. Gen ABCB1 koduje glikoproteinę P, która jest jednym z elementów bariery krew-mózg. Główną funkcją białka jest usuwanie związków toksycznych, w tym także leków, co może wskazywać na potencjalny związek między prawidłowym działaniem glikoproteiny P a predyspozycją do rozwoju zaburzeń depresyjnych czy niepowodzeniem terapii lekami przeciwdepresyjnymi. Celem pracy była ocena polimorfizmu pojedynczego nukleotydu (ang. single nucleotide polymorphism - SNP) C1236T genu ABCB1 wśród chorych na zaburzenia depresyjne nawracające (ang. recurrent depressive disorder - rDD) oraz oszacowanie potencjalnego związku tego polimorfizmu z odpowiedzią na terapię lekami przeciwdepresyjnymi. Materiał i metody: Polimorfizm C1236T oceniono w grupie 30 pacjentów, u których zdiagnozowano rDD. Genotyp określono wykorzystując technikę automatycznego sekwencjonowania metodą Sangera. Otrzymane wyniki porównano z wynikami grupy kontrolnej, którą stanowiło 96 dawców krwi z lokalnego banku krwiodawstwa. Wyniki: Nie stwierdzono istotnych statystycznie różnic w częstości występowania poszczególnych genotypów (p=0,0665) i alleli (p=0,1489) polimorfizmu C1236T genu ABCB1 między grupą pacjentów z rDD a grupą kontrolną. Nie wykazano również zależności pomiędzy C1236T a wiekiem w chwili diagnozy rDD (p=0,0807), nasileniem objawów depresji przed rozpoczęciem terapii (p=0,7956) czy skutecznością leczenia przeciwdepresyjnego (p=0,2051). Wnioski: Na podstawie wyników badania wstępnego, stwierdzono brak wpływu polimorfizmu C1236T genu ABCB1 na predyspozycję do rozwoju rDD, nasilenie objawów depresji w chwili diagnozy czy skuteczność terapii przeciwdepresyjnej.

Quaternary ammonium biocides as antimicrobial agents protecting historical wood and brick

52%

Rajkowska K., Koziróg A., Otlewska A., Piotrowska M., Nowicka-Krawczyk P., Brycki B., Kunicka-Styczyńska A., Gutarowska B.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

2016

vol. 63

issue 1

153-159

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used in disinfection of water, surfaces and instruments as well as in textile, leather and food industries because of their relatively low toxicity, broad antimicrobial spectrum, non-volatility and chemical stability. Due to these advantages, QACs are also used in restoration and can be applied on historical material. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of biocides based on quaternary ammonium salts and containing various excipients in the protection of historical materials against microbial growth. The study determined the antimicrobial activity of three biocides against bacteria: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus equorum, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus muralis, Sporosarcina aquimarina and Rhodococcus fascians, and moulds: Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium citreonigrum, Cladosporium cladosporioides I, Acremonium strictum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cladosporium cladosporioides II, all isolated from historical wood and brick. Staphylococcus equorum, Bacillus cereus, Sporosarcina aquimarina and Rhodococcus fascians bacteria, and Cladosporium cladosporioides I and Acremonium strictum moulds showed high sensitivity to quaternary ammonium biocides. Historical wood can be effectively disinfected by three applications of biocide A (30% v/v) containing dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), citric acid, propiconazole and propanol. Disinfection of historical brick can be carried out by three applications of 6% v/v solutions of biocide B (based on DDAC and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - EDTA) or biocide C (containing a non-ionic surfactant, DDAC and EDTA). Effective protection of historical building materials against microbial growth for a period of seven days can be achieved by the application of biocide A (30% v/v) on the wood surface and biocide B (6% v/v) on the brick surface.

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2 Acta Biochimica Polonica

1 Folia Medica Lodziensia

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3 Koziróg A.

2 Brycki B.

1 Balcerczak E.

1 Gałecki P.

1 Gutarowska B.

1 Jeleń A.

1 Kunicka-Styczyńska A.

1 Nowicka-Krawczyk P.

1 Otlewska A.

1 Piotrowska M.

1 Rajkowska K.

1 Sałagacka A.

1 Talarowska M.

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Monomeric and gemini surfactants as antimicrobial agents - influence on environmental and reference strains

Czy „cichy” polimorfizm pojedynczego nukleotydu (SNP) C1236T genu ABCB1 jest związany z predyspozycją do rozwoju depresji i skutecznością jej leczenia? - badanie wstępne

Quaternary ammonium biocides as antimicrobial agents protecting historical wood and brick