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Prevalent Cattle diseases of West Bengal: A survey in four districts

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Mukherjee R., Biswas S., Dutta S., Chowdhury A., Roy S., Basu A., Mandal D.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2019
|
vol. 23
221-232
EN
West Bengal is one of the most populated states of India. The residents of the state are mostly dependent on agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. Livestock also provide economic support and food security to them. A survey in veterinary hospitals and cattle farms of Murshidabad, Nadia, Malda and Birbhum district of West Bengal indicated the frequent occurrence of bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan diseases in cattle. Some of these diseases like cryptosporidium diarrhoea, ringworm and salmonelliasis are zoonotic in nature and thus, are easily transmitted to human. The frequency of diseases increases during rainy season. Infection of alimentary canal and pneumonia are more common in calves whereas, arthritis is more common in male. Most of the common diseases of cattle like anthrax, rabies, foot and mouth disease, bovine tuberculosis, etc., can be prevented by proper vaccination. Some of these diseases can easily be diagnosed by modern techniques like ELISA, PCR, etc. But lack of veterinary hospitals, socio-economic backwardness and misconception have prevented easy diagnosis and treatment of these common diseases. Common antibiotic like kanamycin, antifungal drugs and antitoxins are generally applied to treat these diseases. Further, maintenance of proper hygiene, isolation of diseased animal, regular check-up and vaccination can prevent easy transmission of the diseases and thus, will put a check on livestock damage.
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Motijheel Lake - Victim of Cultural Eutrophication

68%
Biswas M., Mandal D., Sonar R., Dey B., Ghosh S., Ghosh S., Chatterjee J., Bhattacharyya B., Saha I., Ahmed S., Basu A.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2018
|
vol. 21
154-163
EN
Destruction of natural water bodies due to cultural eutrophication is a predominant problem in India. Motijheel Lake of Murshidabad district is an environmentally, economically and historically significant water body. However, Anthropogenic activities including unplanned settlements around this lake and its over exploitation have deteriorated its water quality to a great extent. Motijheel Lake acts as a sink for domestic sewage, human and animal excreta. Surface runoffs are discharged into the lake which further adds to the list of pollutants. High phosphate, nitrate and nitrite-Nitrogen and chlorophyll content of the lake categorizes it as hypereutrophic one. Also, the amount of phosphate, nitrite and iron present in Motijheel Lake exceed the permissible limit in drinking water, as prescribed by US Environmental Protection Agency and Bureau of Indian Standards. When the Below Poverty Line residents of the surrounding area consume such water, they become susceptible to various fatal diseases. The low level of Dissolved Oxygen in the lake water signifies huge amount of organic matter deposited in the lake and indicates the lake water to be poor in quality. The high load of coliform bacteria in the lake water further corroborates the deposition of domestic, human and animal wastes. If water with such high concentration of faecal coliform is consumed, it could lead to fatal gastrointestinal and enteric diseases.
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