Pump-probe spectroscopy of cold, trapped atoms is discussed with particular attention to mechanisms specific for cold atoms and potential diagnostics applications. The discussion is illustrated with experimental results obtained with ^{85}Rb atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap. Most important applications are non-destructive, real-time velocimetry (thermometry) and analysis of optical lattice dynamics.
We report on our studies of atoms contained in a magneto-optical trap using the nonlinear spectroscopy methods. Absorption and four-wave mixing signals are recorded for the probe frequency near the cooling transition frequency and the two methods are compared. The differences in the signal structure and their sensitivity on external conditions are discussed. It is revealed that central feature of these spectra consists of several contributions of different origin.
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