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Green Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles via Gallic Acid

100%
Acta Physica Polonica A
|
2017
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vol. 131
|
issue 3
569-570
EN
A facile, eco-friendly, room-temperature method for rapid one-pot synthesis of Pd metallic nanoparticles has been developed based on the successive reduction of Pd(II) precursors with gallic acid in an aqueous environment. The morphology and surface analysis of the resulting Pd nanoparticles were confirmed by aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The particle size of palladium nanoparticles was calculated as 16 nm. This study demonstrates that the synthesis of nanoparticles (reduction and stabilization) can be effectively achieved using gallic acid.
Acta Physica Polonica A
|
2015
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vol. 127
|
issue 4
1308-1310
EN
The kinetic behaviors of solute adsorption at solid/solution interfaces of rhodium (III) complexes from chloride solutions (1 M HCl) onto gallic acid formaldehyde resol polymer were studied by batch mode. Kinetics was analyzed by the pseudo first-order, the pseudo second-order, the Elovich and the intraparticle diffusion kinetic equations using nonlinear regression analysis. The rate constants of four models were calculated. The Non-linear Chi-square analysis and correlation coefficients have been calculated in order to assess which model provides the best fitting predicted data with experimental results. The pseudo second-order equation provides the best fit to experimental data. The first initial kinetics is governed by the rate of surface reaction. When the adsorbed amount reaches about 95% of the equilibrium coverage in the first sixty minutes, it switches to another kinetics governed by the rate of intraparticle diffusion. The proposed adsorption of the aquachlororhodium (III) species mostly takes place via a ligand exchange mechanism.
3
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Rhodium Adsorption on Gallic Acid Resol Resin

100%
Acta Physica Polonica A
|
2015
|
vol. 127
|
issue 4
1301-1307
EN
A new adsorbent resin has been developed by immobilizing gallic acid with formaldehyde, and its adsorption properties to Rh^{3+} were reviewed with respect to the collection in aqueous solution. Linear and nonlinear regression procedures have been applied to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The resin exhibited good adsorption capacity towards Rh^{3+} from acidic aqueous solutions ([H^{+}]=1 M, [Cl^{-}]=1 M). The equilibrium adsorption capacity at 293 K was up to 69.43 mg g^{-1}. The adsorption isotherms could be well described by Langmiur equation. The experimental studies suggested that gallic acid formaldehyde resin was effective for the adsorption of Rh^{3+} from chloride acid solutions, and the loaded Rh^{3+} could be easily desorbed from the 1 M HNO₃ + 0.1 M NaClO₃ solution mixture with a hundred percent efficiency. Thermodynamic parameters such as the entropy change, enthalpy change and Gibbs free energy change were calculated. The adsorption of Rh^{3+} was found to be an endothermic adsorption process. This suggested that the resin can be used as an active biosorbent for the recovery of Rh^{3+} from 1 M HCl concentrated acid solution.
EN
Al^{3+} doped spinel structured cathode active nanoparticles were produced by microwave hydrothermal synthesis. Structural characterization of as synthesized nanoparticles was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical characteristics of the material have been investigated by packaging cell material into a CR 2016 button cells. All electrochemical experiments were carried out using lithium metal foil as the counter electrode. First discharge capacitiy of doped material is 303 mAh/g at 0.1 C rate. We have obtained 69 mAh/g specific capacity and 98.7 percent capacity retention for the first cycle at 0.5 C rate.
EN
The adsorption of rhodium (III) ions onto gallic acid formaldehyde resin in a batch adsorber has been studied. Adsorption experiments were carried out by agitating 1 g resin particles with 1000 ml of Rh (III) ion solution of the initial concentrations from 16.54 to 88.80 mg/l (293K, 1M HCl). Using Langmuir isotherm, a single stage batch adsorber was designed for different adsorbent mass/treated effluent volume ratios. An initial rhodium concentration of 100 g/m³ is assumed and the required amount of resin particles to recover metal ion content by 75%-99% at various volumes of effluents. For a single-stage adsorption system, thus the adsorbent demonstrated recovery capacity. For example, 1 m³ of solution is to be treated; the required masses of gallic acid resol resin are 25 kg for 75% rhodium removal. In order to recover 90% of the rhodium (III) at various volumes of solution which having different metal concentrations, the required amount of gallic acid resin was calculated. For example, 1 m³ of solution is to be treated, the required amounts of resin particles to reduce the rhodium content by 90% increased from 75 to 76 kg with increase in the initial rhodium metal concentration from 0.1 to 100 g/m³. Through such a projection, a real single stage adsorption system can be designed.
EN
In order to understand the electronic properties of the organic Schottky diode, ITO/TPD/Al and ITO/SAM/TPD/Al organic Schottky devices were fabricated to obtain current-voltage characteristics. From the slopes and y-axis intercepts of the plots, the values of the ideality factor, barrier heights of the ITO/SAM/TPD/Al diode were determined as 2.03 and 0.56 eV, respectively. The surface characterizations of modified and unmodified ITO were performed via atomic force microscopy.
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