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EN
Wettability of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) by aqueous solutions of binary mixtures composed of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) with polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij 35) was considered on the basis of the measured values of contact angle and surface tension. It was shown that the value of the critical surface tension of PTFE surface wetting at the studied system (23.5 mN/m), does not depend on the concentration and composition of the binary mixtures of studied surfactants in water, and it was higer than the surface tension of PTFE (20.2 mN/m). The best wettability of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) by studied aqueous solutions of binary surfactants mixtures occurs at the mixtures concentration corresponding to the critical micelle concentration of their solutions.
EN
Suicidal behaviours are a severe problem of the contemporary society and a challenge for people dealing with the development of therapeutic and preventive programmes in suicidology. Many detailed and multi-aspect analyses of functioning of the people at risk of suicide are carried out within scientific research as well as various risk factors of suicidal attempts and committed suicides. Far fewer studies are focussed on the factors protecting against suicide, referred to as buffer or protective factors. For passwords: protective factor, suicide the number of records in the PubMed base amounts to 227, while for risk factor, suicide – 11 299. The objectives of this review of literature comprise: analysis of various factors protecting against suicide and attempt to assess their efficacy. The study involves reports and results of the research presented in English literature. Separately discussed were external and internal protective factors, and a number of publications on their subject were included. Most of research reports refer to preventive role of the family, social support, capability to cope with problems and stress, and self-estimation. An important role is ascribed to perception of causes to live. To a slightly less extent the researchers deal with a protective role of religion, pregnancy, hobby, and involvement in social activities. What has been so far ambiguous and little known is the correlation between sports practice and reduction of suicidal behaviours. The final part of the article presents the results of the studies on the seldom analysed protective factors, such as one’s attitude to life and death, fear of death, and sensitivity to pain, the efficacy of which in suicide prevention requires further research. While grouping the protective factors, their usefulness in the creation of supporting systems and preventive programmes was taken into account, passing over those whose efficacy had not been documented.
PL
Zachowania samobójcze są poważnym problemem współczesnego społeczeństwa i wyzwaniem dla osób zajmujących się opracowywaniem programów terapeutycznych i profilaktycznych z dziedziny suicydologii. W ramach badań naukowych podejmuje się liczne szczegółowe i wieloaspektowe analizy funkcjonowania osób zagrożonych samobójstwem, a także różnych czynników ryzyka prób samobójczych i samobójstw dokonanych. Zdecydowanie mniej badań dotyczy czynników chroniących przed samobójstwem, inaczej buforowych, protekcyjnych. Dla hasła protective factor, suicide liczba rekordów w bazie PubMed wynosi 227, podczas gdy dla risk factor, suicide – 11 299. Cele niniejszego przeglądu piśmiennictwa to analiza rozmaitych czynników chroniących przed samobójstwem i próba oceny ich skuteczności. W pracy uwzględniono doniesienia i wyniki badań zawarte w literaturze anglojęzycznej. Odrębnie omówiono czynniki ochronne zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne, uwzględniono liczbę publikacji na ich temat. Najwięcej doniesień naukowych dotyczy prewencyjnej roli rodziny, wsparcia społecznego, umiejętności radzenia sobie z problemami i stresem oraz samooceny. Istotną rolę przypisuje się percepcji powodów do życia. W nieco mniejszym stopniu badacze zajmują się ochronną rolą religii, ciąży, hobby i zaangażowania w aktywności społeczne. Niejednoznaczny i mało dotychczas zbadany jest związek uprawiania sportu z redukcją zachowań suicydalnych. W końcowej części artykułu zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad zdecydowanie rzadziej analizowanymi czynnikami ochronnymi, takimi jak postawa wobec życia i śmierci, lęk przed śmiercią i wrażliwość na ból, których skuteczność w zapobieganiu samobójstwom wymaga dalszych dociekań. W trakcie grupowania czynników ochronnych kierowano się ich przydatnością w tworzeniu systemów wsparcia i programów profilaktycznych – z pominięciem tych o nieudokumentowanej skuteczności.
EN
Introduction. Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory disorders affecting periodontal tissues. This condition manifests by a progressive destruction of the alveolar bone, subsequently leading to tooth loss. World Health Organization introduced Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs in order to gain data regarding periodontal health and treatment needs of people with periodontitis Aim. To evaluate the periodontal status of citizens living in the city of Lublin and its surrounding, using Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Material and methods. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs was used to assess the periodontal status among 180 patients aged 35-44 residing in Lublin and the area around it. Results. Periodontal diseases have been observed in over 90% of the examined population. Treatment need index TN1 has referred to 26.11% of the patients, TN2 – 61.67% and TN3 – 2.22% respectively. Conclusions. Patients who visit the dentist regularly have a better periodontal status as compared to groups randomly selected.
EN
Introduction. Caries of deciduous teeth in the population of Polish children is a significant health, social and organizational problem. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dentition of 3- and 4-year-old children in the Mazowieckie Province. Material and methods. The study comprised 393 kindergarten children aged 3 and 4 years in the Mazowieckie Province, 202 girls and 191 boys, including 159 children aged 3 years and 243 children aged 4 years. In all subjects the state of dentition was assessed. The prevalence of caries was calculated as the percentage of people affected by this disease, and the intensity of dental caries was determined using the dmft index. The results were compared with those that Polish researchers obtained in the 3 – and 4-year-olds after 2000. Results. In the studied group of 3- and 4-year-olds the prevalence of caries was 62.85%, among girls – 61.88% and among boys – 63.87%. For all subjects the average scores for dmft index were 3.22 and its components dt – 2.72 (decayed teeth), mt – 0.1 (missing teeth), ft – 0.4 (filled teeth). Conclusions. The prevalence and intensity of dental caries in 3- and 4-year-old children attending kindergartens in the Ma-zowieckie Province is high and close to the national average. It is advisable to increase the preventive and curative measures in this age group of children on dental caries.
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