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1
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Multimode Interference Structures of Variable Geometry for Optical Sensor Application

100%
Szewczuk A., Błahut M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2010
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vol. 118
|
issue 6
1254-1258
EN
The paper presents the analysis results of a waveguide sensor based on multimode interference structures. The multimode section was covered with sensor material. The change of optical parameters of the cover entails the change of propagation conditions of light in the structure. By measuring the light intensity at the output of the structure, we can define external physicochemical parameters to which the sensor layer is sensitive. The paper presents the method to adjust the sensitivity of the device through a proper selection of the thickness of the particular layers of multimode waveguides. We present, among others, the analysis results of optical systems whose parameters of the sensor layer corresponded with the parameters of wolfram oxide (WO_3), being the material frequently applied as a gas-sensitive layer in gas sensors. We have proposed a configuration of a sensor based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer whereof one arm is a multimode section and the other one a single mode waveguide. The detection method was narrowed down here to the measurement of phase difference between the waves propagating in the respective arms.
2
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Applications of Gradient Index Multimode Interference Structures in the Technology of Optical Sensor

100%
Szewczuk A., Błahut M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2011
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vol. 120
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issue 4
740-743
EN
The aim of the work is the presentation of operating principle and properties of multimode interference structure devices made in gradient index technology by K^{+} and Na^{+} ion exchange method from the point of view of optical sensor design. Numerical analysis was performed using beam propagation method. Analyzed sensor structures are covered by nanolayers whose refractive index higher than the multimode interference section index is the reason for the concentration of wave propagation energy in the sensor layer area and its vicinity. Modifications of external propagation conditions change the refractive index and extinction coefficient of a sensor layer. The variation of optical properties leads to the modification of waveguiding conditions in the multimode interference coupler.
3
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Two-Wave Multi/Demultiplexer on the Base οf Gradient Index Multimode Interference Structures Made by Ag^{+}-Na^{+} Ion Exchange

100%
Błahut M., Bazan K.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 116
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issue 3
264-267
EN
The paper presents optimizing investigations by the beam propagation method method of two-wave multi/demultiplexer which uses gradient index multimode interference structures made by Ag^{+}-Na^{+} ion exchange in BK-7 glass. We have discussed the influence of the structure geometry and technological process parameters for selected wavelength combinations within the range of 635÷ 850 nm. We have described operating parameters of the multiplexers - excess losses and contrasts. We have also presented the way of finding approximate MMI section widths and lengths which satisfy the multiplexing condition.
4
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Gradient Index Multimode Interference Structures - Technology and Applications

100%
Błahut M., Kasprzak D.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 116
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issue 3
257-260
EN
The aim of this paper is to present the operating principles and properties of gradient index multimode interference structures made by K^{+}-Na^{+} ion exchange in glass and their basic applications in optoelectronic circuits. The investigations of multimode interference structures were performed applying a method based on the visualization of light distribution in gradient structures, using fluorescence of the substance covering the multimode interference structures section. Basing on the above we present gradient index multimode interference structures applications in splitters and couplers 1× N technology of different configurations.
5
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MMI Structures Covered by Bromocresol Purple for Ammonia Detection

100%
Szewczuk A., Błahut M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2013
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vol. 124
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issue 3
570-573
EN
In the paper examinations of a lightguide sensor on the base of gradient index multimode interference structures are presented. Investigated structures were fabricated in potassium-sodium ion exchange process. Multimode interference sensor was designed for ammonia detection. Bromocresol purple covering the multimode section was used as a sensing layer. Numerical calculations were performed with the use of modal analysis and beam propagation method to optimise sensor geometry and sensing layer thickness. Experimental results show the possibility of ammonia detection from the concentration of tens ppm.
6
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Model of Optical Sensor on the Base of MMI Structures

81%
Szewczuk A., Błahut M., Pyka W.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2010
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vol. 118
|
issue 6
1250-1253
EN
The paper presents the research on waveguide sensors based on multimode interference structures. In the modeled systems, the applied sensor layer was used as the cover of the multimode section. The cover of the multimode section can be made of material sensitive to the changes of definite external conditions, and through a proper selection of this material the sensor can be adapted to the detection of various physicochemical quantities. In effect of the changes of optical parameters of the sensor layer, the propagation conditions change, which can be easily observed in the location changes of N-fold images of the input field. In the paper we have investigated and compared the systems based on waveguides having step index profile and gradient distribution of refractive index. We have demonstrated that the sensitivity of such systems can be adjusted through a proper selection of the dimensions of the multimode section.
7
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Mach-Zehnder Interferometer on the Base of Gradient Index Multimode Interference Structures

81%
Błahut M., Kasprzak D., Sujewicz M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 116
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issue 3
261-263
EN
The paper presents the technology and testing measurements of Mach-Zehnder interferometer made by K^{+}-Na^{+} ion exchange in glass. As a splitter and coupler of measuring and reference arms we used gradient index multimode interference structures in symmetrical configuration. The investigated interferometer, working in asymmetrical configurations, registers the phase shifts resulting from the changes of refractive index of the cover of both interferometer arms.
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