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1

Apoptosis in oogenesis and preimplantation embryo development of mammals

100%
Warzych E., Lechniak D.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 1
172-182
EN
In this paper, the authors made an attempt to summarize the present knowledge on apoptosis in mammalian oocytes and embryos. On the contrary to necrosis, apoptosis is a programmed death of damaged or mutated cells. Several studies showed that it takes place during oogenesis (oocyte growth and maturation), as well as at some stages of preimplantation embryo development (morula, blastocyst). Although apoptosis is observed in vivo, the frequency of this phenomenon increases in vitro. There is a number of methods detecting apoptotic cells, however, none of them gives a clear evaluation of the studied process. A complex analysis with the use of several methods is therefore advised. Because in ovary the majority of oocytes undergo atresia (over 99%), the scientists concentrate on developing new methods aiming at improvement of females' reproductive performance. The process of apoptosis seems to be a crucial limiting factor.
2

Gene expression as a tool for quality assessment of bovine oocytes and embryos

81%
Lechniak D., Warzych E., Pers-Kamczyc E.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 1
31-44
EN
Suboptimal conditions of oocyte maturation and embryo culture in vitro reduce their developmental competence as compared to in vivo development. It is well known now that some IVF blastocysts, despite a proper morphology, are not able to hatch and implant after transfer. Therefore, it is suggested that during in vitro culture embryos show an ability to adjust to suboptimal conditions, which is however accompanied by the changes in gene expression pattern resulting in reduced quality. Although gene expression analysis, as an invasive method, is considered as an indirect way of embryo quality evaluation, it provides valuable data on the processes crucial for growth and development.
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