Sol-gel method is the simplest method and has the ability to control the particle size and morphology through systematic monitoring of reaction parameters. The objective of this research is to synthesize silica nanostructures by sol-gel method and to characterize the synthesized silica nanostructures. Silica nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method using Tetraethyl orthosilicate as a precursor. The acetic acid and distilled water were used as the catalyst and the hydrolyzing agent. Varied parameters of the study were the aging time in the range of 2 to 6 h and the calcination temperature in the range of 600-700°C. The obtained silica nanopowder was characterized using FESEM, and Nano-Particle Size Analyzer. The results show that the silica nanospheres were successfully synthesized by using sol-gel method with the optimum parameters of 700°C of calcination temperature and 2 h of aging time. The average size of silica nanoparticles was in the range of 79.68 nm to 87.35 nm.
This study was conducted to study the degradation of poly (lactic acid) and its composites under natural landfill burial. Composites reinforced with natural fibres were expected to degrade faster than polymer itself. PLA was compounded with kenaf bast fibre (KBC) and kenaf core fibre (KCC) with twin screw extrusion at temperature range 150-160°C and being compression moulded at 170°C for 8 minutes. Samples were then cut prior to testing by burying under composting area in UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia for 6 month period. Samples were measured and observed monthly for the degradation of composites by weight loss and microscopic observation. As expected weight loss for kenaf bast composite (KBC) and kenaf core composite (KCC) was found to be higher, 15.9% and 17.1% respectively, than that of pure PLA of only 4.14%. Microscopic observation confirms degradation has occurred on surface of composites by making cracks, holes, and black spots on all samples, however degradation was more obvious on composites. FTIR analysis shows that spectra of exposed composites were reduced compared to those of unexposed composites.
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