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EN
The synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by the blue-green algae Spirulina platensis for medical purposes was studied. A complex of optical and analytical methods was used in order to characterize produced nanoparticles. It was shown that the extracellular formation of metal nanoparticles of spherical shape with sizes in the range between 8 and 40 nm (the average size of 20-30 nm) takes place. The characteristics of gold and silver nanoparticles in the Spirulina biomass were compared. The role of biosorption processes in the synthesis of nanoparticles was estimated by using equilibrium dialysis. A positive influence of sonication on the process of microbial synthesis and yield of nanoparticles were demonstrated. The neutron activation analysis and the atomic absorption spectrometry were applied for characterizing the dynamics of gold and silver nanoparticles formation in the Spirulina platensis biomass. The neutron activation analysis was used for studying the elemental content of the Spirulina platensis biomass.
PL
Zbadano syntezę nanocząstek złota i srebra przez niebieskozielone glony Spirulina platensis, które są wykorzystywane do celów medycznych. Do scharakteryzowania wytworzonych nanocząstek zastosowano szereg metod optycznych i analitycznych. Wykazano, że zachodzi tworzenie pozakomórkowej, sferycznej nanocząstki o rozmiarach w zakresie od 8 do 40 nm (średnia wielkość 20-30 nm). Porównano charakterystyki nanocząstek złota i srebra wytworzonych w biomasie Spiruliny. Do oceny roli procesów biosorpcji w syntezie nanocząstek wykorzystano dializy równowagowe. Wykazano pozytywny wpływ ultradźwięków na procesy mikrobiologiczne i na wydajność syntezy nanocząstek. Do określenia dynamiki tworzenia nanocząsteczek złota i srebra w biomasie Spirulina platensis zastosowano neutronową analizę aktywacyjną i spektrometrię absorpcji atomowej. Stężenia pierwiastków w biomasie Spirulina platensis określono za pomocą neutronowej analizy aktywacyjnej
EN
Neutron activation analysis of the Pleurotus ostreatus showed that adding of solid solution of ZrO2-Y2O3 hydroxide and oxide (3 mol % Y2O3) nanoparticles of size 4 and 9 nm at a concentration of 0.2 weight percent in a nutrient medium (Czapek) alters the character of physiological processes in the biological tissues of the mushrooms. This is manifested in the form of a significant change in morphological and physiological characteristics of the mushrooms and the elemental composition of the dry biomass. In particular, it is shown that the intercalation of nanoparticles into the tissues of the mushrooms leads to an increase of 1.3-1.4 times (more than 2.6 g/dm3) of biomass accumulation (industrial strain HK 35) and decrease of 1.7-1.8 times (below 1.7-2.5 mg/mm3) of concentrations of extracellular proteins into the culture fluid at a substantially constant value of the acidity. It is shown that the addition of ZrO2+3 mol % Y2O3 nanoparticles of sizes 4 or 9 nm into tissue of mushroom at step of the mother mycelium in very small concentrations can alter effectively the chemical composition of the substances produced by the cells and consequently, its physiological activity. It is shown that the use of low concentrations of ZrO2 nanoparticles allow to increase the yield and resistance of crops to diseases up to 1.2-1.5 times, as well as in the long term can be used in biomedical technologies for the treatment of cancer diseases.
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