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Biomechanical analysis of Yang's spear turning-stab technique in Chinese martial arts

100%

Liu Y., Kong J., Wang X., Shan G.

Physical Activity Review

2020

vol. 2

issue 8

16-22

The Yang's spear turning-stab was a legendary technique, applied in ancient battles in China. It resulted in numerous famous winnings. The mythical aspect of the technique is a victory in fleeing and back-facing a fighter. Now the skill is a spear technique of Chinese martial arts that is learned and excised by many Chinese Gungfu practitioners. Due to a dearth of scientific study on the skill, the uniqueness and its winning secretes are still unknown. The aim of this study is to demystify the skill by using a synchronized measurement of 3D motion capture (VICON 12 camera system), stab-force measurement (AMTI force platform). Six Gungfu athletes with more than 30 years training experience participated in the study. Both the Yang's spear turning-stab (used by a fleer) and spear forward-stab (used by a chaser) were measured and biomechanically analyzed. The results reveal that there would be six secrets for its historical successes. They are 1) showing weakness (i.e. pretend to be defeated), 2) shortening the stab for quick turning, 3) hiding the stab for a covert attack, 4) leaving less reaction time for opponent, 5) generating higher stab-force than opponent, and 6) leaning backward for a stable stab-posture. These secrets identify elements necessary for systematic training toward a reliable execution of the skill. This skill shows the delicate characteristics of Chinese martial culture. Learning and training the skill would benefit trainees both physically and culturally.

Diversity of scoring, ingenuity of striking, art of flying - conceptual and systematical identification of soccer scoring techniques

88%

Zhang X., Shan G., Liu F., Yang S., Meng M.

Physical Activity Review

2021

vol. 1

issue 9

79-92

The terms of soccer scoring techniques (SSTs) used in practice and research have been remaining confusing; even dramatic, we still do not know how many SSTs available for the game. This scenario hinders not only the scientific studies on some unique SSTs but also the development of novel coaching methods for learning these SSTs. The current paper aims to bridge the gap by establishing a SST terminology system. The system is built based on goal repeatability, selected anatomical & biomechanical parameters, and analyses of 579 attractive goals from international professional tournaments. The results have revealed that there are 43 SSTs existed in current soccer practice. Some SSTs can be identified by preliminary parameters (i.e. anatomical parameters, the ball vertical position at the shot and the hit-point on the ball), but most of them need additional biomechanical examination on the movement control in frontal & transverse planes, jumping control, and trunk orientation at shots in order to identify uniquely. Further, the new SST terminology has disclosed that soccer attractiveness is linked to the diversity, ingenuity and artistry of shots. The most attractive type of scoring awaited by millions of spectators is aerial shots. Lastly, the most important contribution of the new SST terminology system is to help researchers and practitioners launch target-orientated studies that would provide a practical and convincing scientific coach-method, clear definitions, and means to reevaluate and improve SSTs in practice.

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2 Physical Activity Review

1 2021

1 2020

2 Shan G.

1 Kong J.

1 Liu F.

1 Liu Y.

1 Meng M.

1 Wang X.

1 Yang S.

1 Zhang X.

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Biomechanical analysis of Yang's spear turning-stab technique in Chinese martial arts

Diversity of scoring, ingenuity of striking, art of flying - conceptual and systematical identification of soccer scoring techniques