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Effects of Plyometric Training on Maximal Power Output and Jumping Ability

100%
Makaruk H., Sacewicz T.
Human Movement
|
2010
|
vol. 11
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issue 1
17-22
EN
Purpose. The study aims to determine the effect of plyometric exercises performed with minimum ground contact time on the maximal power output of the legs and jumping ability. Basic procedures. This study sample comprised 44 non-training students of physical education. Following randomization, the experimental group performed plyometric exercises for six weeks, whereas the control group participated only in lectures. The subjects performed counter movement jumps (CMJ), depth jumps (DJ) and a five-hop test. Main findings. After the completion of plyometric training, an increase in the relative maximal power output (p ≤ 0.001) in CMJ and DJ was observed, whereas the center of mass elevation and the five-hop test distance length did not change significantly (p>0.05). Additionally, the rebound time in DJ was significantly shorter and the range of counter movement in the knee decreased (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions. Depending on the aim of programme, plyometric training should determine the ways of performing exercises. Methodological guidelines in plyometric training aimed at increasing the maximal power output may be different from indications concerning jumping ability.
2
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Effect of Additional Load on Power Output during Drop Jump Training

81%
Makaruk H., Sacewicz T., Czaplicki A., Sadowski J.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 26
31-37
EN
Plyometrics can be an effective way of improving power performance in many sports. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of additional loading on power during drop jump training. Forty-two untrained physical education students with plyometric training background participated in a six-week training 3 times a week. Subjects were randomized to one of three training groups: without (FREE) and with a weight vest (VEST; 5% body weight), and a control group (CON). Pretraining and post-training measures of concentric peak power (PP), force (Fpp) and velocity (υPP) at peak power and, in addition, time between eccentric and concentric peak power (tPPEC) were analyzed in a countermovement jump (CMJ) and a drop jump (DJ) from a height of 0.3 m. The FREE and VEST groups considerably improved PP in CMJ (p < 0.05), but υPP significantly increased (p < 0.05) and tPPEC significantly decreased (p < 0.05) only in the FREE group. The enhancement of PP and υPP was only demonstrated by the FREE group in DJ. The FREE group significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the VEST group significantly increased (p < 0.05) tPPEC in DJ. It can be concluded that using additional load during drop jump training does not produce superior gains in power output when compared to a traditional drop jump training program.
3
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The Strength of Lower Limbs in Elite Gymnasts and Swimmers

81%
Wiażewicz A., Wiśniowski W., Sacewicz T., Czajka M.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2020
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vol. 29
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issue 1
77-88
EN
Critical moments during gymnastic exercises are those related to landing and suppressing overloads, transmitted through lower limbs. A swimmer’s lower limbs provide a good body position in the water and maintain the balance. Both in sports authors postulate reaching bilateral, steady development of the athlete’s body. The main aim was identification and a comparative analysis of the hip, knee and ankle joints flexors and extensors strength, of highly qualified gymnasts and swimmers. Ten healthy subjects participated in the investigation. Five gymnasts (22.2 ±7.3 y.o., 169.4 ±3.91 cm, 64.4 ±3.78 kg) and five swimmers (20.5 ±1.3 y.o., 186.2 ±1.64 cm, 78.4 ±2.61 kg) were highly qualified Polish athletes. Strength measurements were made on Biodex S4 isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects performed hip extension/flexion in lying position, knee extension/flexion and ankle plantar/dorsi flexion. Strength parameters of the lower limbs differentiate gymnasts and swimmers. Lower limb’s strength parameters can be used during training, control, selection or prevention. To achieve a high sport level, swimmers must demonstrate higher strength parameters of lower limbs than gymnasts. The value of work in the maximum repetition (MRW) should be thoroughly analyzed. Highly qualified gymnasts and swimmers should take into account the harmonious, bilateral strength development of the lower limbs.
4
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The Effects of Resisted Sprint Training on Speed Performance in Women

81%
Makaruk B., Sozański H., Makaruk H., Sacewicz T.
Human Movement
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2013
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vol. 14
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issue 2
116-122
EN
Purpose. The main aim of the study was to examine the effects of resisted and standard sprint training on the kinematics of sprintrunning acceleration in women. Methods. Thirty-six untrained but physically active female college students were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a running resisted training group (RTG, n = 12), a standard training group (STG, n = 12), and a control group (CON, n = 12). All participants in the experimental groups trained three times a week for four weeks, followed by a 1-week training break, after which they trained again for four weeks. Pre-training, post-training and detraining (three weeks after completing the training programs) measures of mean running velocity, stride length, stride frequency, knee angle at toe off and footstrike, ground contact time, and flight time were analyzed by a 20 m sprint test. Results. The RTG improved mean running velocity and increased stride length and knee angle at toe off. Simultaneously, the RTG featured decreased stride frequency and increased ground contact time. The STG demonstrated an increase in mean running velocity due to higher stride frequency and a decrease in ground contact time. All of the measured parameters did not significantly decrease after the three-week detraining period. The control group featured no changes. Conclusions. Both resisted and standard sprint training improves speed in sprint-running acceleration in women by improving different sprint kinematic parameters.
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