In the study a subtotal videothoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophageal resection with cervical anastomosis was presented with discussion concerning the new surgical problems and positions (classical and prone) of videothoracoscopic and laparoscopic approaches. The technique of esophageal elevation during mediastinal preparation, ligation and dissection of the azygos vein, pharmacological elongation of the graft using Glucagon as well as tips regarding easier identification of the esophagus at the outlet level was described. The usefulness of the harmonic scalpel and endostaplers was stressed. Additionally, findings and outcomes were discussed.
The hydrodynamics in fluidized-bed crystallizers is studied by CFD method. The simulations were performed by a commercial packet of computational fluid dynamics Fluent 6.x. For the one-phase modelling (15), a standard k-ε model was applied. In the case of the two-phase flows the Eulerian multi-phase model with a standard k-ε method, aided by the k-ε dispersed model for viscosity, has been used respectively. The collected data put a new light on the suspension flow behaviour in the annular zone of the fluidised bed crystallizer. From the presented here CFD simulations, it clearly issues that the real hydraulic conditions in the fluidised bed crystallizers are far from the ideal ones.
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