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Randomized Clinical Trial to Compare the Effects of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Loading versus Placebo on Insulin Resistance and Cortisol Level after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

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Pędziwiatr M., Pisarska M., Matłok M., Major P., Kisielewski M., Wierdak M., Natkaniec M., Budzyński P., Rubinkiewicz M., Budzyński A.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2015
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vol. 87(8)
402-408
EN
Postoperative insulin resistance, used as a marker of stress response, is clearly an adverse event. It may induce postoperative hyperglycemia, which according to some authors can increase the risk of postoperative complications. One of the elements of modern perioperative care is preoperative administration of oral carbohydrate loading (CHO-loading), which shortens preoperative fasting and reduces insulin resistance. The aim of the study is to establish the influence of CHO-loading on the level of insulin resistance and cortisol in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Material and methods. Patients were randomly allocated to one of 2 groups. The intervention group included 20 patients who received CHO-loading (400 ml Nutricia pre-op®) 2 hours prior surgery. The control group received a placebo (clear water). In every patient blood samples were taken 2 hours prior to surgery, immediately after surgery, and on the 1st postoperative day. Levels and changes in glucose, cortisol and insulin resistance were analyzed in both groups. Results. Although there were differences in the levels of cortisol, insulin, and insulin resistance, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups in every measurement. The length of stay and postoperative complications were comparable in both groups. Conclusions. We believe that CHO-loading is not clinically justified in case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. No effect on the levels of glucose, insulin resistance and cortisol was observed. Even though such procedure is safe, in our opinion there is no clinical benefit from CHO-loading prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
2
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The use of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer – a comparative analysis of patients aged above 80 and below 55

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Pędziwiatr M., Pisarska M., Wierdak M., Major P., Rubinkiewicz M., Kisielewski M., Matyja M., Lasek A., Budzyński A.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2015
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vol. 87(11)
565-572
EN
Age is one of the principal risk factors for colorectal adenocarcinoma. To date, older patients were believed to achieve worse treatment results in comparison with younger patients due to reduced vital capacity. However, papers have emerged in recent years which confirm that the combination of laparoscopy and postoperative care based on the ERAS protocol improves treatment results and may be particularly beneficial also for elderly patients. The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in combination with the ERAS protocol in patients aged above 80 and below 55. Material and methods. The analysis included patients aged above 80 and below 55 undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal resection for cancer at the 2nd Department of General Surgery of the Jagiellonian University. They were divided into two groups according to their age: ≥80 years of age (group 1) and ≤55 years of age (group 2). Both groups were compared with regard to the outcome of surgery: length hospital stay, complications, hospital readmissions, degree of compliance with the ERAS protocol, and recovery parameters (tolerance of oral nutrition, mobilisation, need for opioids, restored gastrointestinal function). Results. Group 1 comprised 34 patients and group 2, 43 patients. No differences were found between both groups in terms of gender, BMI, tumour progression or surgical parameters. Older patients typically had higher ASA scores. No statistically significant differences were found with regard to the length hospital stay following surgery (5.4 vs 7 days, p=0.446481), the occurrence of complications (23.5% vs 37.2%, p=0.14579) or hospital readmissions (2.9% vs 2.4%). The degree of compliance with the ERAS protocol in group 1 and 2 was 85.2% and 83.0%, respectively (p=0.482558). Additionally, recovery parameters such as tolerance of oral nutrition (82.4% vs 72.1%, p=0.28628) and mobilisation (94.1% vs 83.7%, p=0.14510) within 24 hours of surgery did not differ among the groups. However, a smaller proportion of older patients required opioids in comparison with younger patients (26.5% vs 55.8%, p=0.00891). Conclusions. Similar levels of compliance with the ERAS protocol may be achieved among patients aged ≥80 and younger patients. When laparoscopy is combined with the ERAS protocol, age does not seem to be a significant factor that could account for worse utcomes. Therefore, older patients should not be excluded from perioperative care based on ERAS principles.
3
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Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy – is it safe in the hands of residents during training?

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Kisielewski M., Pędziwiatr M., Pisarska M., Major P., Rubinkiewicz M., Matłok M., Migaczewski M., Budzyński P., Budzyński A.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2015
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vol. 87(9)
429-433
EN
The aim of the study was to assess safety of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) performed by residents that are undergoing training in general surgery. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 330 patients operated electively due to cholelithiasis. Patients with acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, undergoing cholecystectomy as a part of more extensive operation and patients with gall-bladder cancer were excluded. Group 1 included patients operated by resident, group 2 – by specialist. Duration of operation, mean blood loss, number of major complications, number of conversions to the open technique and conversions of the operator, reoperations and length of hospital stay were analyzed. Results. Mean operative time overall was 81 min (25 – 170, SD±28.6) and 71 min (30-210, SD±29.1) in groups 1 and 2 respectively (p=0.00009). Mean blood loss in group 1 was 45±68.2 ml and in group 2 – 41±73.4 ml (p=0.23). Six major complications has occurred (1.81%) – 2 (2%) in group 1 and 4 (1.7%) in group 2. 18 cases (15.5%) of conversion of the operator occurred in group 1, and 6 cases (2.6%) of conversion of the operator happened in group 2. Average LOS was 1.9 days in group 1 and 2.3 days in group 2 (p=0.03979). Conlcusions. Elective LC performed by a supervised resident is a safe procedure. Tactics of “conversion of operator” allowed to prevent major complications. Longer LC by residents is natural during the learning curve. Modifications of residency program in the field of laparoscopy may increase its accessibility.
4
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Wpływ zabiegów bariatrycznych na czynniki ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych u pacjentów z otyłością olbrzymią

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Major P., Kowalczuk A., Wysocki M., Osadnik S., Pędziwiatr M., Głuszewska A., Pisarska M., Małczak P., Lasek A., Kisielewski M., Budzyński A.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2017
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vol. 89(1)
41-49
PL
Cel badania: Celem badania była ocena wpływu laparoskopowej rękawowej resekcji żołądka oraz laparoskopowego wyłączenia żołądkowego typu Roux-en-Y na czynniki ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych. Materiał i metody: Analizowaliśmy prospektywnie zebrane dane dotyczące pacjentów poddawanych leczeniu operacyjnemu z powodu otyłości olbrzymiej, których zakwalifikowano do laparoskopowej rękawowej resekcji żołądka (LSG) lub laparoskopowego wyłączenia żołądkowego typu Roux-en-Y (LRYGB). Czynniki ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych oceniano z użyciem karty ryzyka SCORE oraz skali całkowitego ryzyka i ryzyka ciężkich chorób sercowonaczyniowych Framingham (FCR). Dane zebrano przy przyjęciu oraz rok po zabiegu. Do badania włączono 235 pacjentów (119 kobiet i 116 mężczyzn, średnia wieku 40,2 lat+/-9,9 lat), z których 117 zostało poddanych LRYGB, a 118 – LSG. Wyniki: Przed operacją 12% pacjentów znajdowało się w grupie wysokiego ryzyka SCORE, 65% w grupie umiarkowanego ryzyka, a 24% w grupie niskiego ryzyka. Mediana wyniku SCORE wyniosła 1 (1–2). Wynik FCR w oparciu o stężenie lipidów wyniósł 34,5% (24–68%), ryzyko ciężkich chorób wyniosło 17,5% (10–52%), podczas gdy wyniki FCR w oparciu o BMI wyniosły odpowiednio 59% (31–84%) oraz 37% (15–67%). W rok po zabiegu średnie %EBMIL (62,88%+/-20,02%) oraz %EWL (53,18%+/-15,87%) były porównywalne w przypadku obu zabiegów. Łącznie 33 pacjentów po LSG i 55 po LRYGB nie wymagało leczenia przeciwnadciśnieniowego. Obserwowano remisję cukrzycy u odpowiednio 9 i 29 pacjentów. Oba zabiegi znacząco zmniejszyły występowanie wysokiego i umiarkowanego ryzyka SCORE na korzyść niskiego ryzyka. Interwencje chirurgiczne spowodowały znaczące zmniejszenie wyników FCR w rok po zabiegu (p<0,001). Wnioski: Zarówno LSG jak i LRYGB prowadzą do znaczącego i porównywalnego spadku masy ciała.
5
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Effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular risk factors among morbidly obese patients

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Major P., Kowalczuk A., Wysocki M., Osadnik S., Pędziwiatr M., Głuszewska A., Pisarska M., Małczak P., Lasek A., Kisielewski M., Budzyński A.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2017
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vol. 89(1)
41-49
EN
Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Material and methods: We analyzed prospectively collected data of patients operated for morbid obesity who were qualified for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass (LRYGB). Risk factors for wyłączecardiovascular diseases were assessed with the SCORE scale and both full and hard Framingham cardiovascular risk scores (FCRs). The data were collected on admission and one year after the procedures. We enrolled 264 patients (119 females, 116 males, 40.2±9.9 years old), of whom 117 underwent LRYGB and 118 LSG, respectively. Results: Preoperatively, 12% of patients were in the high-risk category of the SCORE scale, 65% were in the moderate risk category, and 24% were in the low-risk category. The median score of the SCORE scale was 1 (1-2). Lipid-based full FCR was 34.5% (24%-68%) and the hard FCR was 17.5% (10%-52%), while the respective BMI-based FCRs were 59% (31%-84%) and 37% (15%-67%). One year after the procedures, the mean %EBMIL (62.88%±20.02%) and %EWL (53.18%±15.87) were comparable between both procedures. Hypertension treatment was not necessary in 33 patients after LSG and in 55 after LRYGB. Diabetes mellitus remitted in 9 and 29 patients, respectively. Both procedures significantly reduced high and moderate risk prevalence in the SCORE scale in favor of the low risk category. Surgical interventions resulted in significant reductions of FCRs 1 year after surgery ( p<0.001). Conclusions: Both LSG and LRYGB lead to a significant and comparable body mass reduction. Both procedures significantly decrease of the risk of cardiovascular diseases, based on SCORE and Framingham scales.
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