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EN
Physical activity is a basic component of geriatric prevention. Lower physical activity of seniors is a cause and effect of many chronic conditions, e.g. type 2 diabetes, obesity, diseases of musculoskeletal system or cancer. This paper analyzes Polish and international literature in terms of significance of physical activity for keeping and improving health of seniors. Numerous studies carried out at large research facilities all over the world proved that taking up physical activity by seniors is one of the key factors for ensuring better health. It is, however, important to precede workout with medical examination. After that, suitable exercises, their frequency, duration and intensity need to be determined. The conclusion of this paper is as follows: regular physical activity improves effectiveness of preventive measures and treatments related to diseases such as cardiovascular disease; it also reduces mortality rate and prolongs the period of physical and mental activity of seniors.
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issue 4
29-38
EN
Unfavorable living conditions of the population, particularly in rural areas, and the relatively low level of health culture, expressed by bad nutrition, insufficient physical activity, alcohol abuse, and smoking, are not conducive to maintaining the health of the population. The health status of the population, including children and young people, is assessed as highly unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the research on health behavior, serving as a basis for formulation of health education programs in rural areas . To develop the action strategy for health education, addressed to a group of children and young people of school age in rural areas, it is important to know the perception of health in this environment. . Literature reports seem to indicate that this sphere of life and education is a bit neglected, probably highly diverse and determined by the influence of various factors, both environmental and individual. Therefore, identification of hazards, understanding their life situation, diagnosing the situation, especially in a group of school children, is particularly desirable and expected. The development of health promotion and prevention programs among adolescents must be based on a fully reliable diagnosis of social situation, documented and monitored. Circulating information from newspaper reports and the school environmentsuggests the need forparticular actions in the field of school health education, conducted by prepared, authoritative staff of educators. Such are the expectations and needs of young people and those who consider the health issues of children significant. The problem of great importance is the issue of research on the health behavior of young people, including rural areas, and the development of compatible research tools. The lack of such tools makes the comparison of the results obtained by different authors difficult. The acquired theoretical knowledge and implementation of various health programs have often failed to produce practical results. What is needed are the actual steps to promote health in schools and homes, and the skills to use the existing knowledge to make the analysis and search for the determinants of health behavior of young people. The skillful linking of thinking, action and knowledge of the determinants of health behavior, will prevent from one-sided trends in education, and will bring more focus on the skills and versatility in the harmonious development of young people.
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EN
Numerous studies indicate that a person's lifestyle has a positive impact on their health. However, in spite of the predominant anti-health lifestyle, the average length of life in the past few decades has increased. What is the relation between a lifestyle and life expectancy? Does the lifestyle affect human life span? Epidemiological and prospective-retrospective studies were used to evaluate a 20-year long population-based experiment, which involved in-depth studies, analyses and evaluations of three related families who resided in the same community, had the same education level, and the same period of socialization and tradition. To evaluate the collected research material, the authors used their own: Scale for evaluating nutrition habits; Criteria to assess health behaviours of subjects; Criteria for diet assessment. The studied families led a similar lifestyle, with prevalence of anti-health behaviours. Theoretically, subjects should live a similar number of years. However, the length of their lives varied. Members of families with higher number of anti-health factors lived, in fact, longer. The authors confirmed the hypothesis that the lifestyle of the examined families was an important contributor to their health, but certainly it was not the only factor to determine their life expectancy. The length of lives of the examined family members varied despite a similar lifestyle.
EN
Physical activity is of key importance in prevention of chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease or metabolicvdiseases. Lack of regular workout in seniors favors the development of these diseases. It is, therefore, advisable to change one’s lifestyle and engage in regular workout in order to reduce the risk of chronic illnesses and disabilities. The aim of this paper is to present how important physical activity is in prevention of chronic illnesses in seniors.
EN
The first study was conducted in 1996 in 10 (i.e. all) nurseries and 11 randomly selected preschools in Szczecin. The study involved 526 children (257 boys and 269 girls) aged 1-4 years, and 865 children from preschools (448 boys and 417 girls) aged 4-7 years. In 2006, the study was repeated in seven nurseries (i.e. all nurseries that existed in Szczecin at the time) and 11 preschools in the city of Szczecin, i.e. the same as in 1996. The study involved 314 children attending nurseries: 169 boys and 145 girls aged 1.5-4 and 887 preschool children (461 boys and 426 girls) aged 4-6 years. Motor development of nursery children was assessed based on the Denver test in two selected areas. The level of motor development in preschool children was assessed on the basis of a modified Wrocław Physical Fitness Test developed by B. Sekita. Comparison of the results helped answer the question whether and what developmental changes took place over a decade. The results indicated that the level of motor development of children in Szczecin, compared with children examined 10 years earlier, showed no significant differences.
EN
Health care of children and young people is part of a system of care of the so called “developmental age population.” In this system, prevention plays a key role. The aim of the study was, basing on the obtained results, to develop guidelines for the regional pro-family policy in care of a rural child. The study included children and young people of school age, from 14 to 19 years of age. Overall the analysis included 6,971 children and adolescents and 6,971 parents. Organization of health care of children and school adolescents depended on the solutions approved by individual founding bodies of Health Care Units and Regional Patients’ Funds. The withdrawal of nurses from school was observed. The tasks of prevention character performed previously by nurses employed at schools began to be implemented within the framework of primary health care in the child’s place of residence. For proper implementation of the tasks of school nurses and the proper development of school hygiene, it is important to establish a uniform and maximum number of pupils per one nurse, taking into account all circumstances, and to develop standards of care for the student, taking into account the age of the student, school type, and the region.
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