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1

Perspectives of biotechnology in the management of plant-parasitic nematodes

100%
Dabrowska J., Filipecki M.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 3
173-190
EN
Many laboratories worldwide are involved in the research on effective prevention and management of plant parasitic nematodes. Chemical control of these parasites is very costly and harmful to the environment, though the main strategy is to use resistance genes in breeding programs of crop plants. There is a limited number of naturally occurring resistance genes. Biotechnology can extend the usage of known resistance genes by transferring them to related and unrelated species via plant transformation. However, most promising is the development of new resistance strategies based on RNA interference or specific and inducible overexpression of nematocidal genes. Functional analysis of nematode and plant genes that are involved in induction and development of feeding structures can significantly help in engineering of new sources of resistance. Obviously, biotechnology is not the only prospective solution; however, it significantly enriches the breeders' toolbox. On the other hand, biotechnology-based pest management methods have been developed until recently, and often there are some shortcomings associated which require more research and optimization. Moreover, there is a permanent poor acceptance of genetically modified crops especially in Europe, which influences the decisions of policy makers. Nevertheless, recent genome scale experiments promise significant acceleration in the research and create a portfolio of numerous new possibilities.
2

Unintended consequences of plant transformation: a molecular insight

100%
Filipecki M., Malepszy S.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2006
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vol. 47
|
issue 4
277-286
EN
Plant genomes are dynamic structures having both the system to maintain and accurately reproduce the information encoded therein and the ability to accept more or less random changes, which is one of the foundations of evolution. Crop improvement and various uncontrolled stress factors can induce unintended genetic and epigenetic variations. In this review it is attempted to summarize factors causing such changes and the molecular nature of these variations in transgenic plants. Unintended effects in transgenic plants can be divided into three main groups: first, pleiotropic effects of integrated DNA on the host plant genome; second, the influence of the integration site and transgene architecture on transgene expression level and stability; and third, the effect of various stresses related to tissue handling, regeneration and clonal propagation. Many of these factors are recently being redefined due to new researches, which apply modern highly sensitive analytical techniques and sequenced model organisms. The ability to inspect large portions of genomes clearly shows that tissue culture contributes to a vast majority of observed genetic and epigenetic changes. Nevertheless, monitoring of thousands transcripts, proteins and metabolites reveals that unintended variation most often falls in the range of natural differences between landraces or varieties. We expect that an increasing amount of evidence on many important crop species will support these observations in the nearest future.
3

Tissue-culture-responsive and autotetraploidy-responsive changes in metabolic profiles of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

61%
Filipecki M., Yin Z., Wisniewska A., Smiech M., Malinowski R., Malepszy S.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2006
|
vol. 47
|
issue 1
17-21
EN
Somaclonal variation commonly occurs during in vitro plant regeneration and may introduce unintended changes in numerous plant characters. In order to assess the range of tissue-culture-responsive changes on the biochemical level, the metabolic profiles of diploid and tetraploid cucumber R1 plants regenerated from leaf-derived callus were determined. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used for monitoring of 48 metabolites and many significant changes were found in metabolic profiles of these plants as compared to a seed-derived control. Most of the changes were common to diploids and tetraploids and were effects of tissue culture. However, tetraploids showed quantitative changes in 14 metabolites, as compared to regenerated diploids. These changes include increases in serine, glucose-6P, fructose-6P, oleic acid and shikimic acid levels. Basing on this study we conclude that the variation in metabolic profiles does not correlate directly with the range of genome changes in tetraploids.
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