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EN
Over the last decade, gastric cancer treatment has changed from extensive multiorgan resections towards less invasive approaches with limited resections and a more selective lymphadenectomy. Despite all available trials, the conclusions on the extent of necessary resections still remain debatable. The aim of the study was to assess the short term outcomes (morbidity and mortality) of a total gastrectomy depending on the simultaneous splenectomy status. Material and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of the records of all patients treated with a curative intent using a total gastrectomy for gastric cancer between 1997 and 2003. 49 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into two groups: S(+) gastrectomy with splenectomy group (29 patients) and S(-) total gastrectomy with spleen preservation (20 patients). Results. Survival analysis at one year showed that there was no difference in survival between the two groups (p=0.84). There were six recurrences, one in the group S(+) and five in group S(-) (p>0.05). Dissemination was observed in three patients in group S(-) (p>0.05). Other complications including infectious complications, exenteration, subileus, cardiovascular insufficiency, multiorgan failure were more frequent in the S(+) group (31% v 15%) although the difference was not significant (p=0.17). Conclusions. Splenectomy during gastrectomy for cancer has no statistically significant impact on short-term morbidity and mortality. Even though it does not show benefit in terms of 5-year overall survival rates it might be performed when needed in more advanced cases in properly selected patients (e.g. upper gastric T3/4 gastric cancer)
EN
For many years, laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains the method of choice for both the treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis, and chronic and acute cholecystitis (1). The experience of the surgeon grows with each laparoscopic procedure, which enables to operate in case of difficult anatomical conditions and associated anatomical variants. The aim of the study was to present a case of a 47-year old male patient with total situs inversus and several months history of recurrent left epigastric pain, radiating to the left scapula, being accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The study presented the operative technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and postoperative period data. In conclusion, laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with total situs inversus is possible and safe, providing relevant precautions. The main issues certainly include a good and feasible plan of the operation, discussion concerning the possible intraoperative and postoperative complications, a good plan considering the localization of the trocars, as well as an experienced surgical team. One should also not forget that early conversion to classical cholecystectomy is not considered as failure, but might prevent accidental damage of the biliary ducts and long-term complications.
EN
Postoperative gastrointestinal fistulae occur more often in patients undergoing surgical treatment for oncological reasons than non-oncological reasons. Fistula is associated with a number of serious sequelae and complications: fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, acid-base abnormalities, local and systemic infection and progressive cachexia that increase morbidity, treatment duration and mortality. Development of fistula additionally delays or prevents specific treatment in oncology. For a patient, a fistula is associated with both physical and mental suffering resulting from concern over further therapy.Although the introduction of advanced surgical techniques, intensive postoperative care, total parenteral nutrition and modern enteral nutrition, resulted in decreased postoperative mortality, however the number of patients with gastrointestinal fistulae hospitalized in the departments of surgery is not decreasing. This may result from the fact that many patients still present for treatment in the advanced phase of their malignancy (clinical stage III/IV according to International Union Against Cancer - UICC) and consequently in worse general status, which poses a high risk of postoperative complications and requires more extensive procedures in progressively older patients. Thus gastrointestinal fistulae still remain a serious clinical problem. Main components of treatment of fistulae include: adequate draining, fighting of infections, artificial nutrition and drugs that decrease gastrointestinal secretion (e.g. somatostatin) that are intended to create conditions for spontaneous fistula healing. Some cases may require an early or late surgical intervention.
EN
Detection of mutations in families with a hereditary predisposition to colon cancer gives an opportunity to precisely define the high-risk group. 36 patients operated on for colon cancer, with familiar prevalence of this malignancy, were investigated using the DNA microarrays method with the potential detection of 170 mutations in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, CHEK2, and NOD2 genes. In microarrays analysis of DNA in 9 patients (25% of the investigated group), 6 different mutations were found. The effectiveness of genetic screening using the microarray method is comparable to the effectiveness of other, much more expensive and time-consuming methods.
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