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Verification of Climate Change Using Rainfall and Temperature Data as Indicators in the Arid Zone of the Sudan 1981 to 2010

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Elbasher O. A. M., Abdalla A. K., Abdalla A. E., Mohammed H. M.
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EN
Climate change is one of the most serious environmental and socio-economic problems of our time especially in arid areas. Sudan with the new boarders, most of its land classified as arid and semiarid regions, therefore it is very important to investigate the climate change in these areas. This research aimed to investigate the climate change reality in the arid zone in Sudan using rainfall and temperature data only. Five focal points (Kassala, Wadmedni, Eldouim, Elobied, Elfasher) were selected to represent the whole zone. The climate data of monthly and annual rainfall, minimum and maximum air temperature were obtained from Sudan Meteorological Authority (SMA) during the period from 1980 to 2010. Other climatic factors were calculated and estimated from temperature and rainfall data, such as: Potential Evapotranspiration, Cumulative Rainfall Departure, Effective Rainfall, rainfall coefficient of variance, Aridity Index and Standardized Precipitation Index. The relationship between rainfall and temperature were obtained. The period of this study (1981 – 2010), was divided into three decades and analyzed the different between each sub-period on rainfall and temperature using Duncan Multiple Range (DMR) at P ≥ 0.05. The trend of annual mean air temperature had been increased with statistically significant evidences in Kassala, Wadmedni, Eldouim and Elfasher stations; where annual rainfall trend had been increased with statistically significant evidences in Elobied station. Regarding other climatic factors: Potential Evapotranspiration trend showed significant increase in Kassala, Wadmedni and Elfasher stations; Cumulative Rainfall Departure trend showed significant increase in Wadmedni, Elobied and Elfasher stations; where Effective Rainfall, rainfall coefficient of variance, Aridity Index and Standardized Precipitation Index trends showed significant increase in Elobied station only. There were negative significant correlation between rainfall and temperature in Kassala and Elobied stations. There were no significant different between the three sub-period in annual rainfall in all stations except in Elobied station, where in mean air temperature showed significant different between the three sub-period in Kassala, Eldouim and Elfasher.
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Impacts of Rainfall and Temperature on Sorghum (Sorghum biocolor) and Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Yield in Arid Zone of the Sudan 1981-2010

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Elbasher O. A. M., Abdalla A. K., Abdalla A. E., Mohammed H. M.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2022
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vol. 45
37-57
EN
The fundamental goal of this work was to investigate the impact of rainfall and temperature on sorghum and millet yield in the arid zone in Sudan. Therefore the study had pivoted in two axis: climate characteristics and trends and impacts of climate on crops yield. Five focal points (Kassala, Wadmedni, Eldouim, Elobied and Elfasher) were selected to represent the whole zone. The climate data of monthly rainfall, minimum and maximum air temperature were obtained from Sudan Metrological Authority. Other climatic factors were calculated and estimated from temperature and rainfall data. Using rainfall, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, cumulative rainfall departure, effective rainfall, aridity index and standardized precipitation index for the period (1980 – 2010). Generally the trend of annual mean air temperature, annual rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, effective rainfall, cumulative rainfall departure, rainfall coefficient of variance, annual aridity index and standardized precipitation index had been increased during the period from 1980 to 2010 with statistically significant evidences (p≤0.05). Correlations between long-term sorghum yield and climatic factors analysis showed that there were positive significant correlation between sorghum yield and aridity index in Gezira and Elobied. Also, in Elobied negative significant correlation between Sorghum yield and air temperature, potential evapotranspiration. Where in Elfasher there were positive significant correlation between sorghum yield and rainfall, cumulative rainfall departure, effective rainfall, aridity index and standardized precipitation index. Correlations between long-term millet yield and climatic factors showed that in Elobied station there were positive significant correlation between millet yield and rainfall, effective rainfall, aridity index and standardized precipitation index. Where in Elfasher there were negative significant correlation between millet yield and potential evapotranspiration. Using multiple regression model where the climatic factors with sorghum and millet yield; the results showed there were significant regression equation model in three stations (Wadmedni, Elobied and Elfasher) and in two stations (Elobied and Elfasher), respectively.
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