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1

Possibility of the application of various fragments of maize (Zea mays L.) embryos in cultures in vitro

100%
Szechynska M., Filek M.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
111-117
EN
The aim of the performed investigations was to determine which part of the embryo has the optimal properties for callus induction at low concentrations of 2,4-D (2 mgdm-3). The explants were cut along or across the embryo axis into 2, 3, 4 fragments and cultured on the Murashige and Skoog medium for 6 weeks. It was found that callus derived from mature embryos (dry seeds) is characterised by comparable fresh and dry mass and by similar changes in size of the cells with fragments derived from mature embryos (but before the dormant) and from immature embryos. Essential difference was observed in the germination ability of the explants. The percentage of germination of mature embryo fragments was the lowest. It was demonstrated that despite of the embryo type, fragments originating from its central part appeared the most suitable for in vitro culture. In the case of these fragments the highest increase of the fresh mass of callus tissue, optimal morphological features and the appearance of meristematic centres were observed.
2

Growth kinetics of suspension culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) influenced by sucrose concentration in the medium

81%
Marcinska I., Filek M., Biesaga-Koscielniak J., Pilipowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
104-110
EN
The suspension culture was initiated from callus derived from immature inflorescences of winter wheat var Almari. The aim of our investigation was evaluation of the influence of twice increased sucrose concentration in the medium on the physicochemical properties and cell morphology during 15 days of suspension culture. The number of cells, volume, weight, shape and viability were monitored in a few day intervals. Moreover, pH, conductivity and osmolality of medium were measured. The suspensions that were maintained in media containing 30 and 60 g of sucrose per dm3 were characterised by a similar cell viability and growth kinetics tendency. However, from the 4th day of culture, increased concentration of sucrose inhibited the cell proliferation rate. This effect was associated with decreased volume and dry weight of cells, which indicates that sucrose influences the production of cell biomass. The morphological character of cells was independent of the sucrose concentration, the cell area and circularity changed similarly for both media. The area was increased and circularity decreased. Increased concentration of sucrose resulted in lowered pH of the medium during the whole culture period. There was no statistically significant influence of sucrose on the conductivity and osmolality changes in media. The results suggest that higher level of sucrose in the medium can be disadvantageous for growth kinetics of wheat suspension. It was not connected with medium osmotic potential changes or cell-medium ion exchange possibilities.
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