Two examples of transition metal molybdates were studied with the use of X-ray diffraction and DC magnetometry techniques. First compound, copper dimolybdate trihydrate CuMo_{2}O_{7}·3H_{2}O contains 2D layers. The second one is fibrillar cobalt trimolybdate octahydrate CoMo_{3}O_{10}·8H_{2}O. Both compounds exhibit paramagnetic behaviour at room temperature. However, in the first one copper ions form dimers linked by oxygen bridges, in which exchange interactions between two localized spin states occur. The second compound consists of isolated cobalt ions in the octahedral surroundings, resulting in magnetic properties deviating from the Curie law.
Magnetic measurements of a three-dimensional (3D) molecular magnet built of Mn₉[W(CN)₈]₆ clusters have been carried out to study its static and dynamic properties. Measurements of ac susceptibility in the presence of static magnetic field revealed slow magnetic relaxations. It was found that for the 120 Hz wave frequency the optimal static field which maximizes the imaginary component of the ac susceptibility is about 500 Oe.
Electric resistance and effect of hydrostatic pressure on magnetic properties has been studied on the La_{0.8}K_{0.2}MnO₃ nanoparticles. Magnetic phase transition is affected by pressure only slightly, the Curie temperature T_{C} decreases with the rate of -1.02 K/GPa, on samples with orthorhombic structure where the Jahn-Teller distortion of lattice is large. On the other hand, T_{C} increases with the rate of 20.1 K/GPa on samples with rhombohedral structure, where the Jahn-Teller distortion of lattice is absent. Insulator type of electrical resistance is characteristic feature of sample with large Jahn-Teller distortion of lattice and insulator-metal transition was observed on samples where the Jahn-Teller distortion is negligible. Our results are in line with theoretical calculation predicting that double exchange interaction is suppressed by the Jahn-Teller distortion.
Different aspects of critical behaviour of magnetic materials are presented and discussed. The scaling ideas are shown to arise in the context of purely magnetic properties as well as in that of thermal properties as demonstrated by magnetocaloric effect or combined scaling of excess entropy and order parameter. Two non-standard approaches to scaling phenomena are described. The presented concepts are exemplified by experimental data gathered on four representatives of molecular magnets.
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