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The Body Angle of Attack in Front Crawl Performance in Young Swimmers

100%
Strzała M., Krężałek P.
Human Movement
|
2010
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vol. 11
|
issue 1
23-28
EN
Among factors influencing frontal (form) resistance in swimming the angle between the swimmer's body and the line of his/her horizontal movement is particularly important. The measurement of this angle called the angle of attack (α) represents indirectly active torque (τa) during swimmer's body movement. Purpose. The aim of the study was to measure the angle of attack in front crawl swimming in young swimmers at long (2000 m), medium (400 m) and short (25 m) distances and to examine the correlation between the angle and swimming speed at those distances. Basic procedures. Swimmers' angles of attack formed between the line of swimmer's movement direction (horizontal direction) and (a) the line connecting the swimmer's hips and goggles (αH-G), and (b) the line connecting the swimmer's hips and shoulders (αH-S) were measured. Main findings. The body angle of attack in front crawl swimming was negatively correlated with swimming speed. In the analysis of αH-G (7.3 ± 2.74°) with swimming velocity at 2000 m the correlation was on the verge of statistical significance (-0.38, p<0.06). Conclusions. The angle of attack index in controlled front crawl swimming races at the distances of 2000, 400 and 25 m was negatively correlated with swimming speed only at 2000 m, and it was smaller in older, more experienced swimmers.
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Swimming Speed of The Breaststroke Kick

61%
Strzała M., Krężałek P., Kaca M., Głąb G., Ostrowski A., Stanula A., Tyka A.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2012
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vol. 35
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issue 1
133-139
EN
The breaststroke kick is responsible for a considerable portion of the forward propulsion in breaststroke swimming. The aim of this study was to measure selected anthropometric variables and functional properties of a swimmer’s body: length of body parts; functional range of motion in the leg joints and anaerobic power of the lower limbs. Chosen kinematic variables useful in the evaluation of swimming performance in the breaststroke kick were evaluated. In the present research, swimming speed using breaststroke kicks depended to the largest extent on anaerobic endurance (0.46, p < 0.05 partial correlations with age control). In addition, knee external rotation and swimming technique index had an impact on swimming speed and kick length (both partial correlations with age control 0.35, p < 0.08). A kinematic analysis of the breaststroke kick hip displacement compatible with horizontal body displacement was significantly negatively correlated with foot slip in the water opposite to body displacement (partial correlations: with leg length control -0.43, p < 0.05; with shank length control -0.45, p < 0.05, respectively). Present research and measurements of selected body properties, physical endurance and kinematic movement analysis may help in making a precise determination of an athlete’s talent for breaststroke swimming.
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