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Comparative evaluation of bioethanol production from cassava mill effluent and cassava peels using Zymomonas mobilis

100%

Amauche I. P., Umeuzuegbu J. C., Ezeugo J. O., Onyinye O. B.

World News of Natural Sciences

2025

vol. 61

issue 1

1-56

The environmental issues associated with fossil fuels have resulted to increase in research interest globally on alternative and renewable energy sources such as bioethanol that are sustainable and environmentally friendly. In Nigeria, the use of agricultural and bio-wastes such as cassava mills effluent and cassava peels for bioethanol production is yet to be harnessed effectively despite their rich carbohydrate content. This study is aimed at optimization of bioethanol produced from cassava mills effluent and cassava peels. The milled sample was subjected to pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation processes to produce bioethanol. The fermentation process were optimized using classical optimization technique of one factor at a time to determine the effect of the parameters on the yield of bioethanol respectively. For yield of bioethanol, the result obtained indicated the following optimal conditions: temperature of 80 °C at 24.49 g/l of bioethanol from cassava mill effluent, while 28.78 g/l of bioethanol was obtained from cassava peel at an optimal temperature of 75 °C. For an optimal agitation speed of 400 rpm, 27.84 g/l of bioethanol was obtained from cassava mill effluent, while 28.98 g/l of bioethanol was obtained from cassava peel at an optimal agitation speed of 300rpm. For an optimal time of 4hours reaction, 28.17 g/l of bioethanol was obtained from cassava mill effluent, while 28.98 g/l of bioethanol was obtained from cassava peel. At an optimal pH of 6, 28.08 g/l on bioethanol was obtained from cassava mill effluent, while 29.14 g/l yield of bioethanol was obtained from cassava peel at optimal pH of 5. At an optimal yeast concentration of 2.5 (w/w), the yield of bioethanol was 28.41 g/l and 30.04 g/l from cassava mill effluent and cassava peels respectively. The bioethanol produced was characterized for fuel properties such as boiling point (75 °C), flash point (39.40 °C and 40.03 °C) for cassava mill effluent and cassava peel respectively); kinematic viscosity: (0.8312 and 0.8316) at 30 °C for cassava mill effluent and cassava peel respectively; and (0.4893 and 0.5103) at 100 °C for cassava mill effluent and cassava peel respectively. refractive index (1.4103 and 1.4030), for cassava mill effluent and cassava peel respectively; density (0.400 kg/L and 0.757 kg/L) for cassava mill effluent and cassava peel respectively using ASTM methods and the results obtained revealed that they conform to the standard. Bioethanol yield was predicted using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). With a predicted yield of 33.95% for cassava mill effluent and cassava peels 35.29%, RSM's ideal parameters were concentrations of cassava peel and cassava mill effluent. The ideal parameter for ANN is cassava mill effluent 38.21% and cassava peels was 41.36% respectively. In terms of estimation and data fitting, both models outperformed the others. These findings suggest that cassava mills effluent and cassava peels are good and sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production in Nigeria. Due to its relative abundance and availability for large scale production it should not be discarded in our environment as this is also a means of generating wealth from waste.

Comparative study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioethanol production from cassava, yam, and rice husks

100%

Amauche I. P., Onyinye O. B., Egbosiuba T. C., Ukamaka M. H.

World News of Natural Sciences

2025

vol. 61

issue 2

124-142

Bioethanol is a sustainable alcohol-based fuel derived from a range of biological sources. It is mostly made by fermenting the sugars found in crops including corn, sugarcane, wheat, and other agricultural goods. As part of the process, these carbohydrates are converted into ethanol by bacteria or yeast. Bioethanol is widely used as a biofuel component in petrol with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on fossil fuels. It is seen as a more environmentally friendly option because it produces fewer emissions when burned than regular fuel. Also, it can be combined with petrol in different proportions (such as E10 or E30), and cars that run on flexible fuels are designed to use these blends interchangeably. Around the world, there is widespread support for replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. Our lives have depended on fossil fuels for energy, but we cannot ignore the dangers they provide; instead, we require an alternative energy source that is both environmentally benign and does not pose a threat to human life. This study emphasizes on producing bioethanol, an alternative fuel source, using rice husk, cassava peels, and yam peels. Rice husk, cassava, and yam peels were fermented at 48-, 72-, and 96-hour intervals to yield bioethanol with the aid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen. By distilling the fermenting liquid at 78 °C, the amount of bioethanol generated was determined. utilizing varying H2SO4 concentrations to hydrolyze yeast and agricultural waste. For different retention times and fermentation, the peak masses of 500g of rice husk, yam peel, and cassava peel were 3.19g, 5.58g, and 6.46g, respectively. This study shows that the peels of rice husks, cassava, and yams can be used to make bioethanol. Cassava peels produced the maximum yield because of their increased starch content, which was attained by employing more yeast.

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2 World News of Natural Sciences

2 2025

2 Amauche I. P.

2 Onyinye O. B.

1 Egbosiuba T. C.

1 Ezeugo J. O.

1 Ukamaka M. H.

1 Umeuzuegbu J. C.

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Comparative evaluation of bioethanol production from cassava mill effluent and cassava peels using Zymomonas mobilis

Comparative study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioethanol production from cassava, yam, and rice husks