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Układ odpornościowy owadów w obronie integralności organizmu

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Wojda I., Vertyporokh L.
Kosmos
|
2017
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vol. 66
|
issue 4
541-551
PL
Owady zasiedlają wszystkie lądowe nisze ekologiczne. Ewolucyjny sukces osiągnęły między innymi dzięki sprawnie funkcjonującym mechanizmom obronnym. Układ odpornościowy tej gromady zwierząt oparty jest jedynie na mechanizmach wrodzonych. Składa się on z humoralnych i komórkowych odczynów, które uzupełniają się nawzajem w walce z infekcją. W pracy zwięźle przedstawiono aktualny stan wiedzy, dotyczący układu odpornościowego owadów i zwrócono uwagę na jego rolę w utrzymaniu homeostazy organizmu. Ponadto, na przykładzie barciaka większego Galleria mellonella omówiono modulację odpowiedzi immunologicznej przez zmiany temperatury otoczenia. Przedstawiono także aktualne informacje dotyczące zjawiska piętnowania immunologicznego owadów, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem barciaka większego.
EN
Insects populate all ecological land niches. Their evolutionary successes have been achieved thanks to well-functioning defense mechanisms. The immune system of this group of animals is based only on innate immunity mechanisms. It consists of humoral and cellular reactions that complement each other in the fight against infection. The paper briefly summarizes the state of the art of insect immune system and highlights its role in maintaining homeostasis of the organism. In addition, the modulation of immune response by changes in ambient temperature is described taking an example of a greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. Additionally, the current information concerning priming of insect immune system is presented with special emphasis on the greater wax moth.
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Expression of the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor IMPI in the fat body of Galleria mellonella exposed to infection with Beauveria bassiana

100%
Vertyporokh L., Wojda I.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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2017
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vol. 64
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issue 2
273-278
EN
The inducible metalloproteinase inhibitor (IMPI) discovered in Galleria mellonella is currently the only specific inhibitor of metalloproteinases found in animals. Its role is to inhibit the activity of metalloproteinases secreted by pathogenic organisms as virulence factors to degrade immune-relevant polypeptides of the infected host. This is a good example of an evolutionary arms race between the insect hosts and their natural pathogens. In this report, we analyze the expression of a gene encoding an inducible metalloproteinase inhibitor (IMPI) in fat bodies of the greater wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella infected with an entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. We have used a natural infection, i.e. covering larval integument with fungal aerospores, as well as injection of fungal blastospores directly into the larval hemocel. We compare the expression of IMPI with the expression of genes encoding proteins with fungicidal activity, gallerimycin and galiomycin, whose expression reflects the stimulation of Galleria mellonella defense mechanisms. Also, gene expression is analyzed in the light of survival of animals after spore injection.
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