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Popyt na polski produkt turystyka zdrowotna: Zainteresowanie turystyką zdrowotną turystów z wybranych krajów europejskich

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Biernat E.
Polish Journal of Sports Medicine
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2017
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vol. 33(3)
177-191
EN
Poland is regarded as an important centre for world health tourism and is even sometimes called the clinic of Europe. Maintaining this opinion and further development, however, require a long-term strategy including promotion and cooperation building among entities sending and hosting tourists. The main objective of this work is to evaluate activities of tour operators from selected European countries in terms of organizing health tourism to Poland. The analysis concerns interest in this type of offer among customers from Germany, Austria, Great Britain, France, Russia, Ukraine and the Czech Republic and wider promotion possibilities of the Polish offer in those countries. The study is based on a critical analysis of scientific and consulting literature. Further development of Polish health tourism on the European market needs support from private and public service providers in making contacts with payers, insurance companies and brokers from individual countries. It is essential to build contacts and networks of partners. Creating online platforms as the most reliable source of information and a data base for foreign patients is crucial. Complex promotional campaigns (emphasising quality, safety, individual treatment of tourists, specialization in niche products and affordability) should be aimed at individual customers as well as group trip organizers.
PL
Polska postrzegana jest jako ważny ośrodek dla światowej turystyki zdrowotnej. Określa się ją nawet mianem kliniki Europy. Podtrzymanie tej opinii oraz dalszy rozwój wymaga jednak długofalowej strategii, w tym promocji i budowania współpracy między podmiotami wysyłającymi i przyjmującymi turystów. Celem pracy jest ocena działalności touroperatorów z wybranych krajów europejskich w zakresie organizacji turystyki zdrowotnej do Polski. Analizie poddano zainteresowania tego rodzaju ofertą odbiorców z Niemiec, Austrii, Wielkiej Brytanii, Francji, Rosji, Ukrainy i Czech oraz możliwości szerszej promocji polskiej oferty w w/w krajach. Badanie przeprowadzono na podstawie krytycznej analizy piśmiennictwa o charakterze naukowym i konsultingowym. Dalszy rozwój polskiej turystyki zdrowotnej na rynku europejskim wymaga wsparcia prywatnych i publicznych świadczeniodawców w nawiązaniu kontaktów z płatnikami, ubezpieczycielami i pośrednikami z poszczególnych krajów. Konieczne jest budowanie kontaktów i sieci partnerskich. Istotne jest tworzenie platform − jako najbardziej wiarygodnego źródła wymiany informacji i bazy danych dla zagranicznych pacjentów. Wielonarzędziowe kampanie promocyjne (podkreślające jakość, bezpieczeństwo, podmiotowe traktowanie turysty, specjalizację w niszowych produktach i przystępność cenową) należy kierować zarówno do klientów indywidualnych, jak i decydujących o wyjazdach grupowych.
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Sport and other motor activities of Warsaw students

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Biernat E.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2011
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vol. 3
10-13
EN
Study aim: To assess the engagement of students of Warsaw university schools in sports and in recreational motor activities.Material and methods: A cohort (n = 1100) of students attending B.S. or M.S. courses at 6 university schools in Warsaw were studied by applying questionnaire techniques. The questions pertained to participation in competitive sports and in recreational motor activities throughout the last year.Results: 8% of all students participated in competitive sports, 5% were members of college athletic clubs. Over 90% of students declared practicing leisure motor activities regularly (53%), seasonally (29%) or occasionally (11%). Most differences were related to the study year, 2nd year students being more active than their 4th year mates.Conclusions: Higher engagement of 2nd than of 4th year students in motor activities may result from obligatory, curricular physical education activities. Academic communities ought to undertake substantial effort towards shaping continuous health-directed habits of students.
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Socio-Demographic Determinants of Participation in Swimming Amongst Working Residents of Warsaw

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Biernat E.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2012
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vol. 32
175-183
EN
The aim of research is to assess the correlation between socio-demographic factors and swimming activity among the working population of Warsaw. The questionnaire survey included 4405 randomly selected residents of Warsaw. The correlation between the swimming activity and the variables characterizing the socio-demographic structure of the respondents were assessed by log-linear modelling. The significance of the impact of factors included in the analysis was determined using the chi-square test. Thirty-five per cent of the respondents declared recreational swimming. Gender, age, BMI, education, occupation, and income were significantly related to the swimming activity. Women (33%) - compared to men (38%) - were almost 1.2 times less likely to participate in swimming; similarly, overweight people (33%, OR = 0.90) and obese people (33%, OR = 0.92). People from Warsaw from 20-29 years (43%), with higher education (40%), incomes above the national average (40%), and representing the profession of an actor (52%), swam relatively more often. The results of the study might help in developing marketing plans and market segmentation strategies, as well as in forecasting the development trends of the leisure activity.
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Factors Determining the Level of Physical Activity among Warsaw Institutes Employees

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Biernat E.
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2012
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vol. 4
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issue 2
116-123
EN
Background: The evaluation of physical activity level of scientists and determining factors which influence the physical activity. Getting to know the characteristics of the group and observing its behavior can lead to pro-healthy campaign.Material/Methods: Research was conducted on 301 Warsaw scientific institutes employees (NIPH-NIH - 82 persons, IMWM - 50 persons, IPPLM - 39 persons, BRI - 50 persons NFNI - 80 persons). A questionnaire was applied. Analysis was made with the usage of SPSS v. 17. In accordance with WHO classifications, the interviewed were divided into active (n=162) and non-active (n=139). The active group consisted of persons with a high and average level of physical activity and the non-active group was made of persons who had a low level of physical activity or did not do any exercises. The log-line analysis served to evaluate the relationship between physical activity and various variables. The chi-squared test was used to find significant differences in analysis.Results: Low level of physical activity was characteristic of half of the interviewed scientists (NIPH-NIH - 48.8%, IMWM - 32.0%, IPPLM - 38.5%, BRI - 32.0% and NFNI - 93.8%). Scientists from NFNI have 30 times stronger risk of having physical activity level insufficient in order to maintain good health condition. The questioned men have a double chance to be active persons. Regular participation in recreation (OR 2.43) and a high level of tourism activity (OR 2.38) diminish twice as much the risk of being non-active.Conclusions: The Warsaw scientific institutes employees cannot serve as an example for the rest of the society.
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Tourist Activity of Local Government Employees on the Example of Warsaw Studies

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Biernat E.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2011
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vol. 18
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issue 3
224-228
EN
Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the form, nature and level of participation of Warsaw local government employees in tourism. Identification of the relevant characteristics of this group can lead to the knowledge of its behaviour, and ultimately to conduct effective health intervention-promotional activities. Material and methods. The questionaire study covered 321 local government employees (121 male, 200 female). The study was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 17 (SPSS). Assessment of the relationship of demographic variables with the type of trip and the level of tourism activity were made using chi-square statistics and adjusted residuals. The level of participation in tourism was determined using principal components analysis. Results. Short-term trips reported 87% of local administration employees, long-term - 77% and international - 26%. Average number of short trips was 7.0±7.2, long - 2.1±1.44 and international - 1.4±0.8. Very low levels of tourism activity characterized 32%, low - 15%, moderate - 21%, high - 17% and very high - 14% of the respondents. Education is the main factor that determines the participation and level of tourism activity of respondents. Conclusions. Often the trips declared are not compatible with the level of tourist activity - analysis based on the number of trips a year (short, long and international). It follows that for half of the respondents participation in tourism is sporadic.
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Leisure activities of university college staff

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Biernat E., Roguski K.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2009
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vol. 1
20-22
EN
Study aim: To determine the participation of academic teachers in leisure activities for that group contribute to shaping habits of a large percentage of young people.Material and methods: A group of 52 staff members (about 30%) of a private university college, aged 25 - 70 years, were interviewed with respect to their participation in sports, recreation and tourism in the recent year. Chi-square function in the logarithmic form was used in data analysis.Results: Over two-thirds participants declared practicing recreational activities (43% regularly); 80% or more declared short- or long-lasting local trips and 50% declared journeys abroad.Conclusions: The knowledge of benefits brought about by motor activities and the awareness of their necessity stimulate the activities, especially the tourism and recreational ones of people.
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Comparative Leisure Physical Activity: A Comparison Between Polish and European Population

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Biernat E., Piątkowska M.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
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2013
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vol. 59
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issue 1
33-41
EN
Introduction and objective: In Poland, there are only a few studies that refer to the whole society’s participation in sport and recreation and that are based an the international questionnaire thus allowing for comparative analysis with other European reports. The aim of the study was to determine the association between leisure physical activity and socio-demographic variables. Methods: A survey based on CAPI was carried out in Poland from October to November 2012. A random sample of Polish adults (N=1,633) was interviewed using the IPAQ-long form. The data were analyzed using standard statistical procedures. Results: More than 21% of Polish subjects did not undertake any physical activity in their leisure time. Of those who were physically active, over 70% engaged in vigorous physical activity; only one in four respondents performed moderate physical activity or walking. The average leisure physical activity of the Poles was 1,916.9 ± 2,621 MET-min/week. A comparison of the current results and European research findings demonstrated that the median physical activity for the Polish population (MET-min/week) was similar to the median values for Czech subjects and Norwegian males and nearly three times higher than Croats. Conclusions: Insufficient participation in the conscious process of caring for one’s health is a common occurrence among adults living in the EU. In order to encourage the Polish population’s participation in physical activities, it is necessary to raise their awareness of the need of well-balanced, regular exercise. Furthermore, this study suggests that caution is warranted before using the CAPI technique to provide the IPAQ-long form survey.
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Socio-Demographic and Leisure Activity Determinants of Physical Activity of Working Warsaw Residents Aged 60 to 69 Years

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Biernat E., Tomaszewski P.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2011
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vol. 30
173-181
EN
The purpose of the study was to assess factors determining physical activity in persons at the age of 60-69 years in an urban area. The study included 262 working residents of Warsaw at the initial period of old age. The study utilized a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part concerned recreational and touristic activities in the previous year. The second is a Polish version of IPAQ, assessing the respondents' level of activity throughout the past week. Based on IPAQ results, the respondents were divided into physically active and inactive ones. The active group included people meeting moderate to vigorous physical activity, whereas the inactive group included people who took up no physical activity at all or those with a low physical activity level. The relations between taking up physical activity and the variables characterizing the demographic structure as well as touristic and recreational activity of the respondents were assessed with the use of a log-linear analysis. Out of the variables taken into account, age, education and participation in physical recreation proved to be significant factors in taking up activity by the elderly. The odds ratios computed for the analyzed variables indicate that the risk of being inactive increases over two times after exceeding 65 years of age; a risk of similar magnitude was also observed in case of less educated populations. Regular participation in physical recreation provides a four-times increase in the chances to achieve levels of physical activity sufficient to remain healthy.
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SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL INACTIVITY OF ADOLESCENTS FROM THE VOIVODESHIPS OF CENTRAL POLAND

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Biernat E., Lubowiecki-Vikuk A.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2017
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vol. 17
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issue 1
41-50
EN
The aim of the study is to assess the physical leisure time activity among the students of grade I–III of junior high school (aged 13–16) – during the school year and holidays – and identify possible causal factors of physical inactivity in this social group. The relationship between participation in sport for all during the school year (regular, periodic, sporadic) and during holidays (physically active/passive) and socio-demographic variables characterizing the structure was analyzed using the Chi 2 test. The relationship between respondents inactivity and those traits was assessed using log-linear analysis. The higher the grade (especially among girls), the more physically inactive individuals, the number of which grew during the school year as well as during holidays. The risk factors for inactivity included high BMI, living in the countryside and female sex. In case of girls (76.3%) the risk of inactivity increased by almost 1.4 times, as it did (OR = 0.75) with regard to living in rural areas (76.4%). The chance of being active increases more than 3-fold among those with normal BMI (28.0%) and the underweight (29.9%). Adolescents’ inactivity (increasing along with the grade pupils are in) points to the shortcomings of Polish process of education and an urgent need for system-based approach to promote active lifestyle in this social group.
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Socioecological Profile of Active Adults. Sport as a Whole-life Choice

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Biernat E., Skrok Ł., Majcherek D., Nałęcz H.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
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2020
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vol. 85
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issue 1
59-76
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Czas na aktywność czy aktywność na czas? Brak czasu wolnego jako bariera aktywności fizycznej dorosłych Polaków

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Biernat E., Buchholtz S., Tomaszewski W.
Polish Journal of Sports Medicine
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2018
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vol. 34(1)
41-50
EN
Background. Insufficient leisure-time physical activity among adult Poles will lead to further increase of non-communicable diseases, and accompanying them financial burden. Little is known about the barriers to physical activity in Poland. Material and methods. The analysis is based on the ‘Participation of Poles in sport and recreation in 2012’ study by the Central Statistical Office of Poland. We employ logistic regression to identify the determinants of declaring lack of free time as a dominant barrier. Results. Prime-age individuals, those with tertiary education, own business or farm, less affluent and members of larger households have higher odds of declaring lack of free time as a barrier to physical activity; men exhibit higher odds than women. Conclusions. Lack of time covers both real budget constraint and low priority for this kind of activity. Increasing awareness, promoting finding optimal combinations of sport activity, and interspersing it with family and professional activities, as well as time management should be implemented. For less affluent individuals physical activity additionally mitigates their disadvantage and counteract intergenerational heritance of passiveness.
PL
Wstęp. Brak dostatecznej dawki aktywności fizycznej (AF) podejmowanej przez dorosłych Polaków w czasie wolnym, będzie prowadzić do dalszego rozpowszechnienia chorób cywilizacyjnych i wzrostu obciążeń finansowych im towarzyszących. Niewiele wiadomo nt. barier AF Polaków. Materiał i metody. Analizę oparto na danych z badania „Uczestnictwo Polaków w sporcie i rekreacji w 2012” zrealizowanego przez Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Do identyfikacji determinant deklaracji braku czasu wolnego jako dominującej bariery, zastosowano regresję logistyczną. Wyniki. Jednostki w prime-age, legitymujące się wyższym wykształceniem, prowadzące własną działalność gospodarczą lub gospodarstwo rolne, osoby zamożne, a także członkowie większych gospodarstw domowych charakteryzuje wyższa szansa deklaracji braku czasu wolnego jako bariery dla wolnoczasowej AF. Ponadto mężczyźni wskazują ją częściej niż kobiety. Wnioski. Bariera braku czasu związana jest zarówno z realnymi ograniczeniami budżetowymi, jak i z niskim priorytetem nadawanym tej aktywności. Należy zwiększać świadomość, poszukiwać optymalnych kombinacji aktywności sportowych, wplatać je pomiędzy czynności życia rodzinnego i zawodowego oraz wprowadzać odpowiednie zarządzanie czasem. U osób mniej zamożnych, AF może łagodzić ich niekorzystną sytuację i przeciwdziałać międzypokoleniowemu dziedziczeniu pasywności.
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Physical Activity Measurement By SWA in Employees: Weekdays And Weekend

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Can S., Karaca A., Arslan E., Biernat E.
Physical Activity Review
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2017
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vol. 5
167-175
EN
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of physical activity level during the weekdays and weekend both female and male employees. Method: A total of 58 volunteer employees participated in this study of which 20 were male (Mage 32.50 ± 8.82) and 38 were female (Mage 34.24 ± 6.25). Anthropometric measurements were performed after an overnight fast for each participant. After anthropometric measurements, daily physical activity levels were measured continuously with the Sense Wear Armband (BodyMedia, USA) monitor, worn on the dominant arm triceps muscle on free-living individuals for a during of seven days. Whether the number of steps, physical activity level (PAL) and inactivity time change depending on the days of the week and the gender was calculated in repetitive measurements with one-way analysis of variance. For globosity variance validity, Mauchly’s test was used. For the variables which cannot be replaced for globosity variance, Greenhouse-Geisser test was used. Results: According to daily step numbers, women are slight active and men are active (9479±3468; 11338±3297 step/day respectively) (p>0.05). Daily mean PAL is on sedentary/light level both for women and men (1.55±0.19; 1.61±0.28 kcal·kg-1·hr-1 respectively) (p>0.05). According to days of the week, a statistical difference was found between the daily step numbers in men and women (p<0.05). While there was a statistically significant difference in PAL averages among women (p<0.05), there was no statistical difference in men (p>0.05). While PAL value was the highest in weekdays and lowest on Sunday for both genders, the day with the longest inactivity time was found to be Sunday. Women`s daily mean inactivity time was founder to be longer than men (1264±69; 1205±107 min·day-1 respectively) (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both men and women take more than 10000 steps only in weekdays. PAL of both women and men in weekdays and weekend is at sedentary/light activity level. The most active days for both genders are in weekdays, while Sunday is the least active day.
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Participation in Competitive Sport and Sport Leisure Among Working Inhabitants of Warsaw Based on Selected Groups

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Biernat E., Tyburcy M., Gajewski A.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2011
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vol. 18
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issue 1
17-24
EN
Introduction. The aim of this work was to explore sports activities among various socio-professional groups based on the example of the inhabitants of Warsaw. Material and methods. The sample comprised of 6547 inhabitants of Warsaw - representatives of 16 professional groups. The study was conducted with the use of an especially designed questionnaire, featuring two sections - the first one devoted to organised sport, and the second and on the participation in sport leisure (regular, periodical, sporadic) within the previous year. In keeping with the European definition, sport is understood as both competitive sport, and regular sport leisure or recreation. The survey was carried out by trained interviewers exclusively in March and November 2006-2008. Results. Participation in sport activities among Poles increased not only compared to other European countries, but also to previous Polish studies, as it pertained to 43% of Warsaw inhabitants. The proportion of Warsaw residents involved in organised sport amounted to 6%, and those involved in regular recreation to 41%. Pupils and students are the most active both in sport and in leisure. Nearly 19% of pupils and nearly 8% of students are involved in organised sport activities, while for sport leisure this proportion amounts to 55% and 50% respectively. In the case of both competitive sport activities and leisure the number of men exceeds the number of women involved in them. Conclusions. Sport activities that Poles involve in are still not close to the recommended WHO and ATMS norms.
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