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Phylogenetic Analyses on the Tintinnid Ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Multigene Sequence Data

100%
Zhao Y., Gao F., Li J., Yi Z.
Acta Protozoologica
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2012
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vol. 51
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issue 4
PL
In order to better understand phylogenetic relationships among tintinnid ciliated protozoa, we sequenced and analyzed the SSU rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of 10 species belonging to five genera in the order Tintinnida. The secondary structures of the ITS2 region were compared among 8 closely related genera, revealing two stable helices of the palm. In addition, we identified a bulge absence in position II of the ITS2 putative secondary structures of species in basal positions in phylogenetic trees, suggesting the absence bulge might be an ancestral character in the order Tintinnida. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions sequence show 1) divergences within the family Tintinnidae are higher than that among other four families (Codonellidae, Ptychocylididae, Metacylididae and Codonellopsidae), suggesting the subdivision of the this family; 2) the family Ptychocylididae is polyphyletic; 3) the subdivision of Tintinnopsis are suggested, because the Tintinnopsis spp. scatter into different clades; 4) species with agglutinated loricae are not clearly separated from that with hyaline ones.
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A Morphogenetic Description of Thigmokeronopsis stoecki Shao et al., 2008 (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) and a Comparison with Members of the Family Pseudokeronopsidae

76%
Chen X., Li J., Hu X., Shao C., Al-Farraj S. A., Al-Rasheid K. A. S.
Acta Protozoologica
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2013
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vol. 52
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issue 2
PL
The urostylid family Pseudokeronopsidae Borror and Wicklow, 1983 was considered to be a well-outlined taxon. Nevertheless, recent evidence, including morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular information, has consistently revealed the polyphyly of this family. In the present work, a new population of Thigmokeronopsis stoecki Shao et al., 2008 was found and its binary divisional process was described for the first time. In addition, the morphogenetic features of Thigmokeronopsis species and all the other pseudokeronopsids, for which detailed ontogenetic data are available, were rechecked and compared. This reveals that: (1) the ontogenetic process of T. stoecki corresponds well with its congeners T. jahodai and T. rubra except for the macronuclear behavior; (2) Apokeronopsis and Thigmokeronopsis share a similar ontogenetic mode despite of the differences in the number and origin of their buccal cirri; (3) most pseudokeronopsids share the same pattern in the origins of their oral primordia and fronto-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen, except for Pseudokeronopsis similis, which may not be a valid member of the family Pseudokeronopsidae.
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